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Alexandre Lion established incubator charities in the late 1890s in France to promote his infant incubator. Lion’s infant incubators kept premature…
OrganizationIncubatorsPremature InfantsPerinatologyIncubators, InfantIn 1998 and 1999, Teraporn Vutyavanich, Theerajana Kraisarin, and Rung-Aroon Ruangsri in Thailand showed that ginger alleviated nausea in pregnant…
GingerNauseaPregnancyMorning SicknessHyperemesis GravidarumFrom 1977 to 1987, Harald zur Hausen led a team of researchers across several institutions in Germany to investigate whether the human papillomavirus…
PapillomavirusesHuman Papilloma VirusHerpes simplex virusCervix uteri--CancerCervical CancerIgnacio Vives Ponseti developed a noninvasive method for treating congenital club foot in the US during the late 1940s. Congenital club foot is a…
Ponseti, I. V. (Ignacio V.), 1914-2009ClubfootFoot--AbnormalitiesUniversitat de BarcelonaPrats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (France)Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spines of developing fetuses and infants, and research in the 20th century indicated that chemicals…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--AbnormalitiesIn the late 1990s researchers Yuk Ming Dennis Lo and his colleagues isolated fetal DNA extracted from pregnant woman’s blood. The technique enabled…
AmniocentesisChorionic Villus SamplingFetusObstetricsDNAArthur Earl Walker was a medical researcher and physician who studied the brain and neurosurgery in the United States during the twentieth century.…
NeurologyBrain--Ventricles--SurgeryJohns Hopkins HospitalJohns Hopkins Hospital. Department of MedicineDandy-Walker SyndromeHydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cavities of the brain…
HydrocephalusDandy, Walter Edward, 1886-1946Arnold-Chiari DeformityBrain--DiseasesInfants--DiseasesSprayed extensively by the US military in Vietnam, Agent Orange contained a dioxin contaminant later found to be toxic to humans. Despite reports by…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--AbnormalitiesHermann Joseph Muller conducted three experiments in 1926 and 1927 that demonstrated that exposure to x-rays, a form of high-energy radiation, can…
X-raysRadiationGeneticsMutationDrosophila