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The Jane Collective was an underground organization that provided illegal abortion services in Chicago, Illinois, from 1969 until abortions became…
OrganizationsAbortionReproductive RightsSexual rightsInduced AbortionElizabeth Dexter Hay studied the cellular processes that affect development of embryos in the US during the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first…
Electron microscopesExtracellular matrixCorneaCollagenRadioactive substancesIn 1843, physician Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote and published The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever, an essay about puerperal fever, a disease that…
LiteratureSepsisSepticemiaPuerperal septicemiaInfection, PuerperalIn 1980 the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) released a report…
LiteratureCesarean SectionCesarean section--ComplicationsObstetricsFetusHarald zur Hausen studied viruses and discovered that certain strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, can cause…
Cervix uteri--CancerHuman Papilloma VirusPapillomavirusesGenital WartsCondylomata AcuminataIn 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson explore the evolutionary origins of worker ants. '…
LiteratureAntsInsect societiesKin selection (Evolution)EvolutionIn 1953, Virginia Apgar published the article "A Proposal for a New Method for Evaluation of the Newborn Infant" about her method for scoring newborn…
LiteratureObstetricsAnesthesiologyCesarean SectionDelivery (Obstetrics)A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery is a three volume collection of patient accounts that William Smellie published from 1752 to 1764…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)William Stewart Halsted was a surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1894 Halsted…
MastectomySurgeryAsepsis and antisepsisBreast NeoplasmsBlood TransfusionEdgar Allen identified and outlined the role of female sex hormones and discovered estrogen in the early 1900s in the US. In 1923, Allen, through his…
EstrogenHormones, SexOogenesisEstrusMenstrual Cycle