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In 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model…
LiteratureGenetic regulationCell differentiationEvolutionGenesIn 2015, Junjiu Huang and his colleagues reported their attempt to enable CRISPR/cas 9-mediated gene editing in nonviable human zygotes for the first…
LiteratureDoudna, Jennifer A.Charpentier, Emmanuelle, 1968-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsIn an experiment later named for them, Matthew Stanley Meselson and Franklin William Stahl in the US demonstrated during the 1950s the semi-…
DNA ReplicationMeselson, MatthewStahl, Franklin W.DNA--SynthesisDNAAlec John Jeffreys created a process called DNA fingerprinting in the UK during the twentieth century. For DNA fingerprinting, technicians identify a…
DNA fingerprintingForensic sciencesForensic AnthropologyMicrosatellites (Genetics)Exons (Genetics)Francis Harry Compton Crick, who co-discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1953 in Cambridge, England, also developed The Central…
DNAChromosomesNucleotide sequenceNucleic AcidsMolecular BiologyThe Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes,…
Y ChromosomeTestisEmbryosChromosomesSex ChromosomesWilliam Thomas Astbury studied the structures of fibrous materials, including fabrics, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, in England during…
DNAX-Ray CrystallographyX-ray crystallography--TechniqueNucleic AcidsDNA-protein interactionsSince the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer…
BlastocystDiseasesbioethicsTadpoleCell nuclei--TransplantationOswald Theodore Avery studied strains of pneumococcus of the genus Streptococcus in the US in the first half of the twentieth century. This bacterium…
Bacterial TransformationDNAHeredityPathologyImmunologyDavid Baltimore studied viruses and the immune system in the US during the twentieth century. In 1975, Baltimore was awarded the Nobel Prize in…
Baltimore, DavidDNAAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome