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William John Little (1810–1894)
By: Brianna Ellis, Alexis Darby
| Published: May 03, 2021
William John Little was one of the first orthopedic surgeons to research congenital malformations and their causes in the nineteenth century and…
Birth injuries--ComplicationsCerebral PalsyCerebral palsiedMuscle SpasticitySpasticity
"Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals" (1939), by Abner Wolf et al.
By: Jesse Potestas
| Published: Jun 11, 2015
In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can…
ToxoplasmosisColumbia UniversityCongenital ToxoplasmosisEncephalomyelitisInfection
“A Syndrome of Infantilism, Congenital Webbed Neck, and Cubitus Valgus” (1938), by Henry Hubert Turner
By: Megha Pillai
| Published: Jul 02, 2024
In 1938, physician Henry Hubert Turner published “A Syndrome of Infantilism, Congenital Webbed Neck, and Cubitus Valgus,” hereafter “A Syndrome of…
Turner SyndromeNoonan SyndromeFemale Pseudo-Turner SyndromeInfantilism, GenitalGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Josef Warkany (1902–1992)
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai, Bianca Zietal
| Published: May 26, 2017
Josef Warkany studied the environmental causes of birth defects in the United States in the twentieth century. Warkany was one of the first…
Abnormalities, HumanVitamin ARetinoidsHypervitaminosiscalomel
Teratogens
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Jan 22, 2014
Teratogens are substances that may produce physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant woman is exposed to the…
Abnormalities, HumanFetusPregnancyTeratogenicity testingEmbryos
Hydrocephalus During Infancy
By: Alexandra Bohnenberger
| Published: Mar 07, 2017
Hydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cavities of the brain…
HydrocephalusDandy, Walter Edward, 1886-1946Arnold-Chiari DeformityBrain--DiseasesInfants--Diseases
Stanley Alan Plotkin (1932– )
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Apr 13, 2017
Stanley Alan Plotkin developed vaccines in the United States during the mid to late twentieth century. Plotkin began his research career at the…
VaccinesViral vaccinesRubellaRubella--VaccinationRubella virus
Pierre Franco (1505–1578)
By: Grace Rauch
| Published: Aug 07, 2024
Pierre Franco was a surgeon in Europe in the sixteenth century who developed a variety of surgical procedures, including some to repair hernias,…
Cleft PalateDevelopmental DisordersCleft LipHerniaCataract
Torsten Wiesel (1924– )
By: Dina A. Lienhard
| Published: Sep 13, 2017
Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments…
VisionVisual pathwaysNobel Prize winnersNeural networks (Neurobiology)Neural Receptors
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
By: Daniella Caudle
| Published: Mar 02, 2017
Transposition of the great arteries or TGA is a potentially fatal congenital heart malformation where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched…
Transposition of Great VesselsMustard, William T., 1914-1987Congenital Heart DiseaseSenning Operation