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Susumu Ohno (1928–2000)
By: Devangana Shah
| Published: Jun 03, 2025
Susumu Ohno studied chromosome structure and evolution during the twentieth century in the United States. Ohno was one of the first researchers to…
Sequence Analysis, DNAGenes, DuplicateGene DuplicationBarr BodiesBiological Evolution
Luc Antoine Montagnier (1932-2022)
By: Jarrett L. Joubert
| Published: Nov 03, 2022
Luc Montagnier studied viruses, the immune system, and cancer in France during the second half of the twentieth century. In his early career,…
AIDS vaccinesAIDS (Disease)AIDS malignanciesHIV-positive personsHIV (Viruses)
Matthew Stanley Meselson (1930– )
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: May 23, 2017
Matthew Stanley Meselson conducted DNA and RNA research in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He also influenced US policy…
Holmes, Frederic LawrenceMeselson, MatthewStahl, Franklin W.Watson, James D., 1928-Crick, Francis, 1916-2004
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
By: Daniella Caudle
| Published: Mar 02, 2017
Transposition of the great arteries or TGA is a potentially fatal congenital heart malformation where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched…
Transposition of Great VesselsMustard, William T., 1914-1987Congenital Heart DiseaseSenning Operation
Methylmercury and Human Embryonic Development
By: Minai Mandana
| Published: Apr 18, 2016
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an organic form of mercury that can damage the developing brains of human fetuses. Women who consume methylmercury during…
MethylmercuryMercury in the bodyFishes--Mercury contentToxicologyMercury
The Human Genome Project (1990-2003)
By: Tian Zhu, Tito Carvalho
| Published: May 06, 2014
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific effort to sequence the entire human genome, that is, to produce a map of the base…
OrganizationsHuman Genome ProjectNational Center for Human Genome Research (U.S.)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)Sequence Analysis, DNA
Revive & Restore’s Woolly Mammoth Revival Project
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Jan 19, 2021
In 2015, Revive & Restore launched the Woolly Mammoth Revival Project with a goal of engineering a creature with genes from the woolly mammoth…
conservationAnimal diversity conservationWildlife conservationgene editingbioethics
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1890- )
By: Rachel Gur-Arie
| Published: Jun 21, 2014
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a non-profit research institution that specializes in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, quantitative…
OrganizationWatson, James D., 1928-EugenicsBacteriophagesBrenner, Sydney
“Human Organoids: Tools for Understanding Biology and Treating Diseases” (2020), by Frans Schutgens and Hans Clevers
By: Aida Movahed
| Published: Aug 08, 2025
In 2020, Frans Schutgens and Hans Clevers published “Human Organoids: Tools for Understanding Biology and Treating Diseases,” hereafter “Human…
OrganoidsCell Culture Techniques, Three DimensionalPrimary Cell Cultureinduced pluripotent stem cellsAdult Stem Cells
Gertrude Belle Elion (1918–1999)
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: May 23, 2024
Gertrude Belle Elion was a twentieth-century scientist in the US who researched the structure of viral DNA to help develop anti-viral medications.…
AcyclovirHerpesvirus 1, HumanHerpesvirus 2, HumanDNA, ViralHIV (Viruses)