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In 1999, researcher Radim Srám, sometimes spelled Radim Šrám, published his article “Impact of Air Pollution on Reproductive Health” in the journal…
LiteratureEffect of air pollution onPollutantsPollutionAir--PollutionAmniocentesis is a test used for prenatal diagnosis of inherited diseases, Rh incompatibility, neural tube defects, and lung maturity. Normally…
AmniocentesisReproductionFetusThe Notch signaling pathway is a mechanism in animals by which adjacent cells communicate with each other, conveying spatial information and genetic…
EmbryologyDevelopmental BiologyEmbryosCell differentiationNotch genesKurt Benirschke studied cells, placentas, and endangered species in Germany and the US during the twentieth century. Benirschke was professor at the…
Developmental BiologyGeneticsEndangered SpeciesGene librariesEmbryologyTelomeres are sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that protect chromosomes from sticking to each other or tangling, which could cause…
TelomeraseGreider, Carol W.Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyAgingDNAJohn Langdon Down studied medicine in England in the nineteenth century and was one of the first people to develop a complete description of the…
Down syndromeDevelopmental DisabilitiesPartial Trisomy 21 Down SyndromeTrisomyPartial TrisomyPreimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involves testing for specific genetic conditions prior to the implantation of an embryo in the uterine wall.…
TechnologyPreimplantation DiagnosisReproductionFertilizationgenetic testingIn 1868 in England, Charles Darwin proposed his pangenesis theory to describe the units of inheritance between parents and offspring and the…
HeredityDarwin, Charles, 1809-1882ReproductionEvolutionNatural selectionAdvanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCloningGaurAdvanced Cell Technology (Firm)EmbryosTelomerase is an enzyme that regulates the lengths of telomeres in the cells of many organisms, and in humans it begins to function int the early…
TelomeraseTelomereDNAMolecular BiologySomatic embryogenesis