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Fortunio Liceti studied natural philosophy and medicine in Italy during the first half of the seventeenth century. Liceti wrote greater than seventy…
TeratologyAbnormalities, HumanAnimals--AbnormalitiesEmbryologyPathologyDiprosopus is a congenital defect also known as craniofacial duplication. The exact description of diprosopus refers to a fetus with a single trunk,…
Craniofacial AbnormalitiesReproductionFetusCongenital DisordersIsidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire studied anatomy and congenital abnormalities in humans and other animals in nineteenth century France. Under the…
TeratologyAnimals--AbnormalitiesAbnormalities, HumanNatural historyAnatomyThe case of Smith v. Cote (1986) answered two important questions concerning law and childbirth: does the State of New Hampshire recognize a cause of…
LawCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and AbnormalitiesCongenital DisordersAbortionIn the nineteenth century, obstetricians in Europe began to construct devices to incubate infants in increasingly controlled environments. The infant…
TechnologyPremature InfantsObstetricsMaternal and infant welfareIncubators (Pediatrics)Truman William Brophy developed a cleft palate surgical repair, later called the Brophy Operation, in the late nineteenth century US. The procedure…
Cleft PalateDental EducationAmerican Dental AssociationmalformationsBirth DefectsFrom 1987 to the late 1990s, James Haddow and his team of researchers at the Foundation for Blood Research in Scarborough, Maine, studied children…
HypothyroidismCongenital HypothyroidismThyroid HormonesThyroid GlandThyrotropinJames Graves Wilson's six principles of teratology, published in 1959, guide research on teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms…
TeratologyAbnormalities, HumanCongenital AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsCongenital DefectsDuring 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments,…
Harvard Medical SchoolNobel Prize winnersKittensCatsVision disordersPhalloplasty is a type of surgery that takes existing skin, tissue, and nerves from surrounding areas on a patient’s body to repair or form a…
TechnologyPhalloplastyGender Reassignment SurgeryGender transitionSurgery, Plastic