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George Nicholas Papanicolaou (1883–1962)
By: Patsy Ciardullo
| Published: Apr 06, 2017
George Nicholas Papanicolaou developed the Pap test in the United States during the twentieth century. The Pap test is a diagnostic procedure used to…
Pap TestExfoliative cytologyCervical CancerMenstrual CycleUterine Cancer
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
By: Mary Drago
| Published: Jun 05, 2014
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a human disorder in which an individual's genetic sex (genotype) differs from that individual's observable…
AndrogensAndrogens--PathophysiologyIntersexualityIntersex peopleAndrogen-Insensitivity Syndrome
Francois Jacob (1920-2013)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Sep 29, 2014
Francois Jacob studied in bacteria and bacteriophages at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, in the second half of the twentieth century. In…
BacteriaOperonsLac OperonGenetic regulationEscherichia coli--Genetics
Theodora (Theo) Emily Colborn (1927-2014)
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Dec 30, 2014
Theodora Colborn studied how chemicals affect organisms as they develop and reproduce during the twentieth and twenty first centuries in the US. By…
endocrine disruptorsEndocrine disrupting chemicalsPollutantsEndocrine toxicologyEndocrine System
No-scalpel Vasectomy
By: Cole Nichols
| Published: Jul 04, 2022
No-scalpel vasectomy, or NSV or keyhole vasectomy, is a surgical method of sterilization that involves puncturing the skin of the scrotum to access…
TechnologySterilizationVasectomyMale SterilizationFamily Planning
Bowen v. Kendrick (1988)
By: Rohini Nott
| Published: Feb 26, 2021
On 29 June 1988, in Bowen v. Kendrick, the US Supreme Court ruled in a five-to-four decision that the 1981 Adolescent Family Life Act, or AFLA, was…
LawFreedom of religionChurch and stateCourts of last resortSex Education
“Annual Research Review: Prenatal Stress and the Origins of Psychopathology: An Evolutionary Perspective” (2011), by Vivette Glover
By: Carrie Keller
| Published: May 02, 2020
In 2011, fetal researcher Vivette Glover published “Annual Research Review: Prenatal Stress and the Origins of Psychopathology: An Evolutionary…
LiteratureStress in adolescenceStress in youthPsychological StressPregnancy
Sex Determination in Humans
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Jul 16, 2021
In humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912
Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones (1947), by Carl R. Moore
By: Mary Drago
| Published: May 03, 2014
In 1947, Carl Richard Moore, a researcher at the University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, wrote Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones,…
LiteratureEndocrinologyHormones, SexGonadal Steroid HormonesFreemartinism
Vasectomy for Male Sterilization
By: Cole Nichols
| Published: Jun 03, 2024
A vasectomy is a surgery that works to inhibit reproduction by interrupting the passage of sperm through the vas deferens, a tube in the male…
VasectomyVasovasostomyVasectomy ReversalEugenicsSterilization, Reproductive