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Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in…
Cell DeathCells--AgingCaenorhabditis elegansAging, CellCellular AgingHaeckel believed that the development of an embryo revealed the adult stages of the organism’s ancestors. Haeckel represented this idea with drawings…
TextbooksEmbryosEmbryonic DevelopmentEmbryo DevelopmentPublicationsDisabled people have historically lacked legal protection and often faced discrimination in healthcare, reproductive rights, education, and more…
Disability studiesLawSpecial EducationAmericans with Disabilities ActDisability LawViktor Hamburger was an embryologist who focused on neural development. His scientific career stretched from the early 1920s as a student of Hans…
PeopleHamburger, Viktor, 1900-2001Nerve Growth FactorBiographyNeuronsConrad Hal Waddington's "Experiments on Embryonic Induction III," published in 1934 in the Journal of Experimental Biology, describes the discovery…
Waddington, C. H. (Conrad Hal), 1905-1975EmbryosCell differentiationEmbryologyChickens--EmbryosBerthold Karl Hölldobler studied social insects like ants in Europe and the US during the twentieth and early twenty-first century. He focused on the…
AntsCarpenter antsZoologyEvolutionPulitzer PrizesFetus in fetu is a rare variety of parasitic twins , where the developmentally abnormal parasitic twin is completely encapsulated within the torso of…
FetusEmbryosfetal developmentPregnancyFetus--AbnormalitiesThe hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that directs the development of embryonic cells in animals, from invertebrates to vertebrates. The…
EmbryologyEmbryosWieschaus, Eric F.Cellular signal transductionDrosophila melanogasterIn the 2008 court case In the Matter of the Marriage of Dahl and Angle, the Court of Appeals of Oregon upheld a written in vitro fertilization (IVF)…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroEmbryo DispositionEmbryoErnest Everett Just was an early twentieth century American experimental embryologist involved in research at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL)…
FertilizationBiographyInvertebrates