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Margaret Higgins Sanger advocated for birth control in the United States and Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.…
Planned Parenthood Federation of AmericaBirth ControlContraceptionReproductive RightsArizonaIn 2010, the Catholic Church excommunicated Margaret McBride, a nun and ethics board member at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix,…
AbortionBirth ControlethicsChurchReproductive RightsPublished in 1971, Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina: Association of Maternal Stilbestrol Therapy with Tumor Appearance in Young Women, by Arthurs L.…
LiteratureDiethylstilbestrolAdenocarcinomaCancerEstrogenThe Mothers' Clinic for Constructive Birth Control was established on 17 March 1921. The first family planning clinic ever established in Great…
OrganizationContraceptionOrganizationsReproductionReproductive RightsRobert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to…
Fertilization in VitroExperimentsReproductionFertilizationOocytesIn 2017, Laura Geer and colleagues published the results of a study investigating the effects of parabens and antimicrobial compounds on birth…
LiteratureAntiseptics in obstetricsEndocrine disrupting chemicalsLocal Anti-Infective AgentsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentMeiosis, the process by which sexually-reproducing organisms generate gametes (sex cells), is an essential precondition for the normal formation of…
MeiosisReproductionHuman DevelopmentIn the case York v. Jones (1989), the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia was one of the first US courts to address a…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroConceptionAbortionIn 1991, the United Kingdom established the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) as a response to technologies that used human embryos…
OrganizationEmbryologyReproductive HealthHuman reproductive technologyWarnock, Mary, 1808-1900In 1963, Roman Catholic fertility doctor John Rock published The Time Has Come: A Catholic Doctor's Proposals to End the Battle over Birth Control, a…
LiteratureContraceptionPublicationsreligionReproduction