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In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become…
Stem cells--ResearchStem CellsNobel PrizesEmbryologyDevelopmental BiologyCarol Widney Greider studied telomeres and telomerase in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century. She worked primarily at the University of…
Greider, Carol W.Women Nobel Prize winnersNobel Prize winnersTelomeraseTelomereWalter Jakob Gehring discovered the homeobox, a DNA segment found in a specific cluster of genes that determine the body plan of animals, plants, and…
Homeobox genesDrosophilaGeneticsGenesGenes, HomeoboxGattaca is a 1997 science fiction film produced in the US that depicts a future society that uses reproductive technology and genetic engineering in…
LiteratureEugenicsGenetic EngineeringReproductive technologyBiotechnologyIn the 1990s, Ian Wilmut, Jim McWhir, and Keith Campbell performed experiments while working at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland. Wilmut,…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsCampbell, Keith, 1954-2012Roslin InstituteIn 2006, bioethicist Jason Scott Robert published “The Science and Ethics of Making Part-Human Animals in Stem Cell Biology” in The FASEB Journal.…
LiteratureGeneticsbioethicsStem Cell ResearchStem CellsSir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCellsCloningStem CellsEmbryonic Stem CellsIn humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912Embryonic differentiation is the process of development during which embryonic cells specialize and diverse tissue structures arise. Animals are made…
differentiationMeiosis, the process by which sexually-reproducing organisms generate gametes (sex cells), is an essential precondition for the normal formation of…
MeiosisReproductionHuman Development