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Zidovudine or Azidothymidine (AZT)
By: Chase V. Florez
| Published: Jun 30, 2020
In 1964, Jerome Horwitz synthesized the drug zidovudine, commonly abbreviated ZDV, otherwise known as azidothymidine, or AZT, at Wayne State…
AZT (Drug)AzidothymidineHIV-positive menHIV-positive childrenHIV-positive women
"Reproductive Options for HIV-Serodiscordant Couples” (2006) by Pablo Barreiro, Ann Duerr, Karen Beckerman, and Vincent Soriano
By: Chase V. Florez
| Published: Oct 31, 2019
In July 2006, scientist Pablo Barreiro and colleagues published “Reproduction Options for HIV-Serodiscordant Couples,” in which they recommended…
LiteratureHIV-positive personsHIV infectionsAIDS (Disease)HIV-positive men--United States
Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier’s Experiment About the CRISPR/cas 9 System’s Role in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity (2012)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Oct 19, 2017
In 2012, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier from the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, and Umeå University in Umeå,…
gene editingStreptococcus pyogenesTranscription Activator-Like Effector NucleasesscFV green fluorescent protein, recombinantClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
The Discovery of p53 Protein
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Jan 21, 2011
The p53 protein acts as a pivotal suppressor of inappropriate cell proliferation. By initiating suppressive effects through induction of apoptosis,…
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53ExperimentsCancerCell Death
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: Jan 10, 2014
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in children whose mothers contracted the rubella virus, sometimes called German measles, during pregnancy…
RubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virusPregnancyEmbryos
Stanley Alan Plotkin (1932– )
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Apr 13, 2017
Stanley Alan Plotkin developed vaccines in the United States during the mid to late twentieth century. Plotkin began his research career at the…
VaccinesViral vaccinesRubellaRubella--VaccinationRubella virus
Acyclovir for the Treatment of Herpes
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: Aug 08, 2024
Acyclovir is an antiviral medication that scientists developed in the twentieth century to treat herpes, a disease caused by the viruses herpes…
AcyclovirAntiherpes CremeZoviraxGenital HerpesHerpes Simplex Virus 1
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
Gardasil HPV Vaccination Series
By: Alexis Darby, Grace Kim
| Published: Jul 30, 2021
In 2006, United States pharmaceutical company Merck released the Gardasil vaccination series, which protected recipients against four strains of…
TechnologyHPV VaccinePapillomavirus InfectionsCervical CancerGenital Warts
Ian Hector Frazer (1953– )
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: Sep 02, 2020
Ian Hector Frazer studied the human immune system and vaccines in Brisbane, Australia, and helped invent and patent the scientific process and…
PeopleHIV infectionsHIV-positive personsHIV (Viruses)Vaccines industry