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CRISPR Acquired Resistance Against Viruses (2007)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Nov 15, 2017
In 2007, Philippe Horvath and his colleagues explained how bacteria protect themselves against viruses at Danisco, a Danish food company, in Dangé-…
gene editingStreptococcus thermophilusvirusesBacteriaRNA
Stanley Alan Plotkin's Development of a Rubella Vaccine (1969)
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Jun 28, 2017
In the US during the late 1960s, Stanley Alan Plotkin, John D. Farquhar, Michael Katz, and Fritz Buser isolated a strain of the infectious disease…
RubellaRubella--VaccinationRubella in pregnancyRubella vaccinesMMR Vaccine
Luc Antoine Montagnier (1932-2022)
By: Jarrett L. Joubert
| Published: Nov 03, 2022
Luc Montagnier studied viruses, the immune system, and cancer in France during the second half of the twentieth century. In his early career,…
AIDS vaccinesAIDS (Disease)AIDS malignanciesHIV-positive personsHIV (Viruses)
Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier’s Experiment About the CRISPR/cas 9 System’s Role in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity (2012)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Oct 19, 2017
In 2012, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier from the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, and Umeå University in Umeå,…
gene editingStreptococcus pyogenesTranscription Activator-Like Effector NucleasesscFV green fluorescent protein, recombinantClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
The Discovery of p53 Protein
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Jan 21, 2011
The p53 protein acts as a pivotal suppressor of inappropriate cell proliferation. By initiating suppressive effects through induction of apoptosis,…
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53ExperimentsCancerCell Death
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
A Series of YouTube Videos Detailing the “CRISPR Babies” Experiment (2018), by He Jiankui
By: Risa Aria Schnebly, Brianna Ellis
| Published: Jul 31, 2021
In 2018, He Jiankui uploaded a series of videos to a YouTube channel titled “The He Lab” that detailed one of the first instances of a successful…
Literaturegene editingGenome EditingCRISPR (Genetics)CRISPR-associated protein 9
Gene Transfer Strategy Used to Treat Tay - Sachs Disease (2005), by Sabata Martino’s Research Group
By: Tiffany Nardi
| Published: Feb 21, 2017
In the early 2000s, Sabata Martino and a team of researchers in Italy and Germany showed that they could reduce the symptoms of Tay-Sachs in…
Tay-Sachs DiseaseVirus-vector relationshipsGloboid Cell LeukodystrophyGangliosidesGene Therapy
Harald zur Hausen's Experiments on Human Papillomavirus Causing Cervical Cancer (1976–1987)
By: Grace Kim
| Published: Mar 09, 2017
From 1977 to 1987, Harald zur Hausen led a team of researchers across several institutions in Germany to investigate whether the human papillomavirus…
PapillomavirusesHuman Papilloma VirusHerpes simplex virusCervix uteri--CancerCervical Cancer
Serial Cultivation of Human Diploid Cells in the Lab (1958–1961) by Leonard Hayflick and Paul S. Moorhead
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Apr 27, 2017
From 1958 to 1961, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in the US developed a way in the laboratory to cultivate strains of human cells with complete…
MMR VaccineRubellaRubella--VaccinationFetal tissuesOncogenic Viruses