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Alec John Jeffreys created a process called DNA fingerprinting in the UK during the twentieth century. For DNA fingerprinting, technicians identify a…
DNA fingerprintingForensic sciencesForensic AnthropologyMicrosatellites (Genetics)Exons (Genetics)In February 1953, Linus Pauling and Robert Brainard Corey, two scientists working at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California,…
LiteratureDNAGeneticsX-ray crystallography--TechniqueCrystallography, X-RayRoy John Britten studied DNA sequences in the US in the second half of the twentieth century, and he helped discover repetitive elements in DNA…
DNAGenomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyGenetic regulationMiceIn 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published an article in which they concluded that genes, or molecules that dictate how…
LiteratureTransformation, BacterialBacterial TransformationStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacterial geneticsIn 2007, Dennis Lo and his colleagues used digital polymerase chain reaction or PCR to detect trisomy 21 in maternal blood, validating the method as…
Polymerase chain reactionNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesDown syndromeDNAAneuploidyWilliam Thomas Astbury studied the structures of fibrous materials, including fabrics, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, in England during…
DNAX-Ray CrystallographyX-ray crystallography--TechniqueNucleic AcidsDNA-protein interactionsExperiments conducted by Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak from 1982 to 1989 provided theories of how the ends of chromosomes,…
TelomereGreider, Carol W.Chromosome replicationTelomeraseDNAIn 2015, Junjiu Huang and his colleagues reported their attempt to enable CRISPR/cas 9-mediated gene editing in nonviable human zygotes for the first…
LiteratureDoudna, Jennifer A.Charpentier, Emmanuelle, 1968-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsTelomeres are sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that protect chromosomes from sticking to each other or tangling, which could cause…
TelomeraseGreider, Carol W.Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyAgingDNADavid Baltimore studied viruses and the immune system in the US during the twentieth century. In 1975, Baltimore was awarded the Nobel Prize in…
Baltimore, DavidDNAAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome