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Julia Clifford Lathrop was an activist and social reformer in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries and the first chief of the United…
Lathrop, Julia Clifford, 1858-1932United States. Children's BureauPrenatal care--Law and legislationMaternal and infant welfare--United StatesWomen's health services--United StatesPhalloplasty is a type of surgery that takes existing skin, tissue, and nerves from surrounding areas on a patient’s body to repair or form a…
TechnologyPhalloplastyGender Reassignment SurgeryGender transitionSurgery, PlasticIn Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia (1972), the United States District Court for the District of Columbia held that students with…
LawSpecial EducationPeople with mental disabilitiesPeople with mental disabilities--Services forIntellectual DisabilityCarol Downer was a reproductive health and abortion rights activist in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the US and other countries. During…
AbortionWomen's rights--United States--History--20th centuryCannulaWomen's health services--United StatesAmerican Public Health AssociationIn 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become…
Stem cells--ResearchStem CellsNobel PrizesEmbryologyDevelopmental BiologyWilliam Stewart Halsted was a surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1894 Halsted…
MastectomySurgeryAsepsis and antisepsisBreast NeoplasmsBlood TransfusionMargaret Ann Bulkley, under the male pseudonym James Barry, was one of the first female obstetricians in early nineteenth century British Empire. She…
Cesarean SectionUniversity of EdinburghSurgeryReproductive HealthIrelandIn 2010, Sophia and Paul Grinvalds founded the organization AFRIpads in Kampala, Uganda, to provide reusable cloth pads to menstruating women and…
OrganizationMenstrual CycleFeminine Hygiene ProductsMenstrual Hygiene ProductsSanitary napkinsNancy Goodman Brinker founded the largest breast cancer organization in the US, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, during the twentieth century. In 1982,…
Breast CancerBreast--Cancer--TreatmentBreast--Cancer--Treatment--Social aspectsNational Cancer Institute (U.S.)Karl Landsteiner studied blood types in Europe and in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Landsteiner won the…
Rh factorRhesus MonkeyBlood GroupsBlood CellsBlood Transfusions