The Family Planning Services and Public Research Act of 1970, often called Title X Family Planning Program, is a US federal law that provides federal funding for family planning services to low income or uninsured families. The US federal government passed the law, Public Law 91-572, in 1970 as an amendment to the Public Health Services Act of 1944. The Act created the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (here called the Secretary). Through the Act, the OPA and the Secretary provide resources and policy advice to the US government on health issues. The OPA also issue grants and formed contracts with public and nonprofit organizations to assist in the establishment and operation of voluntary family planning services. The Act helped to extend reproductive health services to low income individuals and to individuals who otherwise struggle to get such services.

Roberto Bachi researched statistics and demography at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, Israel, and was the director of Israel’s Central Bureau of Statistics from 1948 to 1971. The Central Bureau of Statistics was responsible for collecting, analyzing, and publishing demographic and economic data to inform government policy in the new state of Israel. In 1962, Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion established the first committee to address the Jewish birthrate, called the Committee for the Problems of Natality, and appointed Bachi to lead it. In that role, Bachi investigated population growth and demographic trends among Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel and among Jewish immigrant groups. His findings showed that while the overall Jewish birthrate was declining, Arab Palestinian fertility rates remained high, raising political concerns about maintaining a Jewish majority. Through his studies of the fertility of Jewish people in Israel and his comparative data on Jewish and Arab populations, Bachi helped to embed demographic concerns into Israeli national politics and Zionist policies.