The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, hereafter the Atlas, was a computerized collection of protein sequences distributed in the form of a paperback book published from 1965 to 1979. Margaret Oakley Dayhoff, a researcher who used computers to study biochemistry, was the primary author. Most editions of the Atlas included chapters of original research and computer programs for analyzing protein-sequence data to determine protein structure and function and derive insights about evolution at the molecular level. Before the establishment of the Atlas, biochemists sometimes published specialized sequence collections for comparative research about a given protein. The Atlas was the first comprehensive collection of all published protein sequences derived from diverse organisms. The Atlas laid the foundation of what is, as of 2026, a leading international protein-sequence database, enabling numerous lines of research, such as predicting the function of unknown proteins, which in turn informs scientific technologies and advances such as gene editing.