In 1993, physicians and researchers Phillip Low and Rondald Schondorf published a study titled “Idiopathic Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: An Attenuated Form of Acute Pandysautonomia,” hereafter “Idiopathic POTS” in the journal Neurology. Low and Schondorf reviewed the medical charts of patients at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, or POTS. Those patients demonstrated signs of tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, upon assuming an upright position as well as symptoms of dizziness, lethargy, and gastrointestinal, or stomach-related, issues. Those symptoms were idiopathic, meaning that they could not be explained by a defined medical condition. In “Idiopathic POTS,” Low and Schondorf clarified the diagnostic criteria of and detailed potential causative mechanisms for POTS. “Idiopathic POTS” characterized POTS, which affects 0.2 percent of the global population as of 2026, as a condition that presents with symptoms of tachycardia upon standing, fatigue, lightheadedness, and gastrointestinal issues.