On 7 December 2018, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, or JPML, consolidated ninety lawsuits into the Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Products Liability Litigation, commonly called MDL No. 2873. Aqueous film-forming foams are substances that can smother fires, and they often contain toxic chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS. MDL No. 2873, which originated in the District Court of South Carolina, addresses health and environmental concerns related to AFFF. Plaintiffs across the US claim that exposure to PFAS in AFFF causes various health issues, including cancer and birth defects. The litigation targets major manufacturers, including 3M, DuPont, and Chemours, who allegedly continued producing PFAS products despite known risks to human health. MDL No. 2873 consolidates nationwide PFAS claims and establishes a means to hold AFFF manufacturers responsible for environmental contamination with PFAS.