The Family Planning Services and Public Research Act of 1970, often called Title X Family Planning Program, is a US federal law that provides federal funding for family planning services to low income or uninsured families. The US federal government passed the law, Public Law 91-572, in 1970 as an amendment to the Public Health Services Act of 1944. The Act created the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (here called the Secretary). Through the Act, the OPA and the Secretary provide resources and policy advice to the US government on health issues. The OPA also issue grants and formed contracts with public and nonprofit organizations to assist in the establishment and operation of voluntary family planning services. The Act helped to extend reproductive health services to low income individuals and to individuals who otherwise struggle to get such services.

The 1981 Adolescent Family Life Act, or AFLA, is a US federal law that provides federal funding to public and nonprofit private organizations to counsel adolescents to abstain from sex until marriage. AFLA was included under the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981, which the US Congress signed into law that same year. Through the AFLA, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, funded a variety of sex education programs for adolescents to address the social and economic ramifications associated with pregnancy and childbirth among unmarried adolescents. AFLA received several criticisms for directly emphasizing and funding abstinence-only education programs from religious organizations. However, when US citizen Chan Kendrick brought the case Bowen v. Kendrick before the Supreme Court in 1988, the Court upheld that AFLA was constitutional. Although numerous evaluations have shown minimal scientific evidence supporting abstinence-only education, as of 2020, the federal government still provides funding for such programs through AFLA.

The Embryo Carrying Agreements (Agreement Approval and Status of the Newborn) Law, 5756-1996, hereafter Law 5756-1996, is a 1996 Israeli federal law regulating surrogacy and establishing legal parental status for children born through surrogacy. It requires that a government-appointed committee approve all surrogacy arrangements under the Israeli Ministry of Health and designates the intended parents as the legal guardians of the child born through a surrogacy arrangement. It outlines eligibility requirements for intended parents and surrogates and stipulates that physicians conduct all procedures in recognized Israeli medical facilities. The law contributed to Israel’s emergence as a global leader in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, or IVF. Israel reported the highest rate of IVF treatments, per capita worldwide as of 2021, with approximately 61,000 IVF cycles performed that year. Law 5756-1996, which was one of the world’s first national legal frameworks for surrogacy, set conditions for surrogacy agreements in Israel and clarified the legal status of the resulting newborn.