In 2017, Laura Geer and colleagues published the results of a study investigating the effects of parabens and antimicrobial compounds on birth outcomes in the article “Association of Birth Outcomes with Fetal Exposure to Parabens, Triclosan and Triclocarban in an Immigrant Population in Brooklyn, New York” in the Journal of Hazardous Materials. Parabens are a class of preservatives found in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products and antimicrobial compounds are compounds that kill microorganisms such as bacteria. In the University Hospital of Brooklyn’s Prenatal Clinic in New York City, New York, the authors tested the concentration of parabens and certain antimicrobial substances in pregnant women’s urine and umbilical cord blood plasma, finding that the concentration of one of the substances, triclocarban, may affect many health outcomes for the developing fetus. The authors’ results demonstrate how some common consumer products, in large quantities, may have harmful reproductive effects and birth outcomes.