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Enovid: The First Hormonal Birth Control Pill (1957–1988)
By: Ilani Higgins
| Published: Aug 09, 2025
In 1960, the US-based pharmaceutical lab G.D. Searle and Company, or Searle, launched Enovid, one of the first oral birth control pills, following…
ContraceptionBirth ControlEugenicsClinical trialMedical Ethics
Germ-Free Animals
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: May 24, 2024
Germ-free, or GF, animals are laboratory animals that completely lack microbes, making them useful tools for microbiome research. Researchers create…
Germ-Free LifeMicrobiome, HumanGut MicrobiomeBrain-Gut AxisGermfree animals
Dana Louise Raphael (1926–2016)
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: May 16, 2018
Dana Louise Raphael was an anthropologist and breastfeeding advocate in the US during the twentieth century. After she was unable to breastfeed her…
BreastfeedingLactationDoulasInfant formulasBreast Feeding
"The Adaptive Significance of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in a Reptile" (2008), by Daniel Warner and Richard Shine
By: Karla Moeller
| Published: Oct 07, 2013
In 2008 researchers Daniel Warner and Richard Shine tested the Charnov-Bull model by conducting experiments on the Jacky dragon (Amphibolurus…
ExperimentsSex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal development
Bowen v. American Hospital Association (1986)
By: Jack Resnik
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
The 1986 US Supreme Court decision Bowen v. American Hospital Association rejected the federal government's use of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation…
LawReproductionCongenital DisordersGovernment
Gastrulation in Xenopus
By: Inbar Maayan
| Published: Mar 10, 2011
The process of gastrulation allows for the formation of the germ layers in metazoan embryos, and is generally achieved through a series of complex…
Haeckel, Ernst, 1834-1919GastrulationAmphibiansFrogs
"Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-Ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics" (1972), by John F. R. Kerr, Andrew H. Wyllie and Alastair R. Currie
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Jan 21, 2011
"Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-Ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics" (hereafter abbreviated as "Apoptosis") was published in…
LiteratureApoptosisPublicationsCancerCell Death
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado (1964- )
By: Mary E. Sunderland
| Published: Jun 10, 2010
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado is a Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy at the University of Utah School of Medicine and is also a Howard Hughes…
PeopleSánchez Alvarado, AlejandroRegenerationBiography
De Formatione Ovi et Pulli (1621), by Girolamo Fabrici
By: Hilary Gilson
| Published: Sep 30, 2008
The embryological treatise De formatione ovi et pulli (On the Formation of the Egg and of the Chick) was written by anatomist and embryologist…
LiteraturePublicationsOvaAnatomy
“Labor and Delivery Management of Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection” (2018), by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice
By: Jarrett L. Joubert
| Published: Jun 05, 2025
In September 2018, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, or ACOG, published “Labor and Delivery Management of Women with Human…
pregnant womenHIV testingInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalHealth Planning GuidelinesHIV infections