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Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
Roger Wolcott Sperry (1913–1994)
By: Dina A. Lienhard
| Published: Feb 26, 2018
Roger Wolcott Sperry studied the function of the nervous system in the US during the twentieth century. He studied split-brain patterns in cats and…
Split brainCorpus callosumEpilepsySplit-Brain ProcedureNeurons
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Mar 30, 2017
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was created by Maurice Hilleman in 1971 at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research, a…
TechnologyMMR VaccineViral vaccinesCombined VaccinesRubella
Hydrocephalus During Infancy
By: Alexandra Bohnenberger
| Published: Mar 07, 2017
Hydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cavities of the brain…
HydrocephalusDandy, Walter Edward, 1886-1946Arnold-Chiari DeformityBrain--DiseasesInfants--Diseases
Ben A. Barres (1954–2017)
By: Aida Movahed
| Published: Aug 06, 2025
Ben Barres researched neurobiology during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries as a professor at Stanford University School of…
Neurodegenerative DiseasesNeurogliaOligodendrogliaOligodendrocyte Precursor CellsBrain
Roy John Britten (1919-2012)
By: Abhinav Mishra
| Published: Oct 24, 2014
Roy John Britten studied DNA sequences in the US in the second half of the twentieth century, and he helped discover repetitive elements in DNA…
DNAGenomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyGenetic regulationMice
Diprosopus (Craniofacial Duplication)
By: Corinne DeRuiter
| Published: Aug 16, 2011
Diprosopus is a congenital defect also known as craniofacial duplication. The exact description of diprosopus refers to a fetus with a single trunk,…
Craniofacial AbnormalitiesReproductionFetusCongenital Disorders
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
By: Kristin Bolfert
| Published: Nov 01, 2007
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft, the Netherlands, on 24 October 1632 to Margriet Jacobsdochter van den Berch and Philips Thooniszoon, both…
BiographyMicroscopy
"Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" (1996), by Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Sep 19, 2014
In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperiments
Diana W. Bianchi
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Jun 23, 2017
Diana W. Bianchi studied the medical treatment of premature and newborn infants in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Bianchi…
Prenatal DiagnosisGenetics