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Eugen Steinach (1861–1944)
By: Federica Turriziani Colonna, Claudia Nunez-Eddy
| Published: Feb 16, 2017
Eugen Steinach researched sex hormones and their effects on mammals in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Europe. He experimented…
Hormones, SexGenerative organsGenital OrgansGonadal Steroid HormonesTesticular Hormones
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
1,000 Genomes Project (2008–2015)
By: Matthew Tontonoz
| Published: Aug 10, 2025
The 1,000 Genomes Project, which began in 2008, was an international effort to create a detailed and publicly accessible catalog of human genetic…
Human genomeHuman Genome ProjectGenome-Wide Association StudyWhole Genome SequencingNational Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)
Mary Ainsworth (1913–1999)
By: Nolina Doud
| Published: Jul 09, 2025
Mary Dinsmore Salter Ainsworth conducted research in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Uganda, in the mid-twentieth century, on how…
psychologyPsychology, DevelopmentalFamily TherapyAttachment behavior in childrenAttachment disorder
Oliver Smithies (1925–2017)
By: Alexander Sastokas
| Published: Jun 30, 2025
Oliver Smithies researched physical chemistry, biochemistry, and genetics in England, Canada, and the United States during the twentieth and early…
Genetic TechniquesElectrophoresis, Starch GelMice, KnockoutGenetics--ResearchElectrophoresis
Philippe Ricord (1800–1889)
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: Aug 26, 2024
Philippe Ricord was a nineteenth-century physician and surgeon in France who studied syphilis and demonstrated that it is different from gonorrhea.…
SyphilisGonorrheaSexually Transmitted DiseasesChancreReproductive Health
Pierre Franco (1505–1578)
By: Grace Rauch
| Published: Aug 07, 2024
Pierre Franco was a surgeon in Europe in the sixteenth century who developed a variety of surgical procedures, including some to repair hernias,…
Cleft PalateDevelopmental DisordersCleft LipHerniaCataract
Franklin William Stahl (1929– )
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Jul 20, 2017
Franklin William Stahl studied DNA replication, bacteriophages, and genetic recombination in the US during the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first…
DNA SequenceNucleotide sequenceDNA ReplicationDNA--SynthesisDNA replication--Regulation
Sanger Sequencing
By: Tea Zawilak
| Published: Aug 08, 2025
Sanger sequencing is a laboratory method that scientists use to determine the sequence of nucleotides within a piece of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA…
Sequence Analysis, DNAGenomicsPolymerase chain reactionNucleotide sequenceGenetics
Phalloplasty
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: May 11, 2022
Phalloplasty is a type of surgery that takes existing skin, tissue, and nerves from surrounding areas on a patient’s body to repair or form a…
TechnologyPhalloplastyGender Reassignment SurgeryGender transitionSurgery, Plastic