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Anatomical models have always been a mainstay of descriptive embryology. As the training of embryologists grew in the late 1800s, so too did the need…
TechnologyModelsEducationBisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound that was first synthesized by Aleksandr Dianin, a Russian chemist from St. Petersburg, in 1891. The chemical…
bisphenol AReproductionHormonesHuman DevelopmentOn 1 February 1998, David T. Helm, Sara Miranda, and Naomi Angoff Chedd published “Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome: Mothers’ Reflections on…
Down syndromeCongenital AbnormalitiesGenetic disorders in pregnancygenetic testingAmniocentesisIn 1920, Joseph Bolivar DeLee published the article, “The Prophylactic Forceps Operation,” in which he describes how physicians can manually remove a…
LiteratureMedicine--United States--HistoryMedicine--History--20th centuryChildbirthChildbirth at homeIn “Beyond Menstrual Hygiene: Addressing Vaginal Bleeding Throughout the Life Course in LMICs,” hereafter “Beyond Menstrual Hygiene,” Marni Sommer,…
LiteratureMenstruation disordersFeminine Hygiene ProductsMenstrual cycle--Psychological aspectsStigmatizationIn 2010, Sophia and Paul Grinvalds founded the organization AFRIpads in Kampala, Uganda, to provide reusable cloth pads to menstruating women and…
OrganizationMenstrual CycleFeminine Hygiene ProductsMenstrual Hygiene ProductsSanitary napkinsHermann Joseph Muller studied the effects of x-ray radiation on genetic material in the US during the twentieth century. At that time, scientists had…
Muller, H. J. (Hermann Joseph), 1890-1967X-raysRadiationGeneticsMutationIn 1993, Dean H. Hamer and colleagues in the US published results from their research that indicated that men with speicifc genes were more likely to…
HomosexualityMale homosexualityGeneticsX chromosomeGenetic sex determinationPublished in 1971, Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina: Association of Maternal Stilbestrol Therapy with Tumor Appearance in Young Women, by Arthurs L.…
LiteratureDiethylstilbestrolAdenocarcinomaCancerEstrogenGeorge Nicholas Papanicolaou developed the Pap test in the United States during the twentieth century. The Pap test is a diagnostic procedure used to…
Pap TestExfoliative cytologyCervical CancerMenstrual CycleUterine Cancer