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“How Colonization by Microbiota in Early Life Shapes the Immune System” (2016), by Thomas Gensollen, Shankar S. Iyer, Dennis L. Kasper, Richard S. Blumberg
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Aug 21, 2024
In 2016, researcher Thomas Gensollen and colleagues published “How Colonization by Microbiota in Early Life Shapes the Immune System,” hereafter, “…
MicrobiotaImmune SystemImmune ResponseImmune System DisordersMicrobiomes
Wolbachia
By: Karine Prevot
| Published: Jan 29, 2015
Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are bacteria that live within the cells of their hosts. They infect a wide range of arthropods (insects, arachnids…
WolbachiaBacteriaHost-bacteria relationshipsHost-parasite relationshipsArthropods
“Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of the Initial Microbiota across Multiple Body Habitats in Newborns” (2010), by Maria G. Dominguez-Bello, Elizabeth K. Costello, Monica Contreras, Magda Magris, Glida Hidalgo, Noah Fierer, and Rob Knight
By: Kelly Roberts
| Published: Jun 04, 2025
In 2010, Maria Dominguez-Bello, Elizabeth Costello, Monica Contreras, and colleagues published “Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of…
Cesarean SectionObstetric DeliveryMicrobiotaMicrobiomeBacteria
The Pasteur Institute (1887- )
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Aug 19, 2014
L'Institut Pasteur (The Pasteur Institute) is a non-profit private research institution founded by Louis Pasteur on 4 June 1887 in Paris, France. The…
OrganizationBacteriaGenetic regulationOperonsMolecular genetics
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
"Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals" (1939), by Abner Wolf et al.
By: Jesse Potestas
| Published: Jun 11, 2015
In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can…
ToxoplasmosisColumbia UniversityCongenital ToxoplasmosisEncephalomyelitisInfection
Oswald Theodore Avery (1877-1955)
By: Samantha Hauserman
| Published: Dec 12, 2013
Oswald Theodore Avery studied strains of pneumococcus of the genus Streptococcus in the US in the first half of the twentieth century. This bacterium…
Bacterial TransformationDNAHeredityPathologyImmunology
Leonard Colebrook (1883–1967)
By: Safiya Shaikh
| Published: May 25, 2017
Leonard Colebrook was a physician who researched bacteria and infections in England during the twentieth century. In 1936, Colebrook deployed the…
BacteriaInfectionsPuerperal septicemiaChildbirthBurn care units
Francois Jacob (1920-2013)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Sep 29, 2014
Francois Jacob studied in bacteria and bacteriophages at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, in the second half of the twentieth century. In…
BacteriaOperonsLac OperonGenetic regulationEscherichia coli--Genetics
CRISPR Acquired Resistance Against Viruses (2007)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Nov 15, 2017
In 2007, Philippe Horvath and his colleagues explained how bacteria protect themselves against viruses at Danisco, a Danish food company, in Dangé-…
gene editingStreptococcus thermophilusvirusesBacteriaRNA