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Mary Frances Lyon studied gene expression and developed the theory of X-chromosome inactivation, also called Lyonization, during the twentieth…
Gene ExpressionX Chromosome InactivationLyon HypothesisLyonizationMutationOliver Smithies researched physical chemistry, biochemistry, and genetics in England, Canada, and the United States during the twentieth and early…
Genetic TechniquesElectrophoresis, Starch GelMice, KnockoutGenetics--ResearchElectrophoresisCharles Richard Drew was an African American surgeon who helped improve blood transfusion practices during World War II and contributed to the…
Blood TransfusionMaternal MortalityBlack or African AmericanBlood banksAfrican Americans in medicineErnest Armstrong McCulloch was a medical researcher who studied the biology of blood cells and blood cancer in Toronto, Ontario, in the second half…
Hematopoietic Stem CellsHematopoiesisLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteScientists--BiographyAcute myeloid leukemiaIrving Lerner Weissman is a researcher and professor in developmental biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California.…
Stem Cell ResearchHematologic NeoplasmsImmunologic TechniquesStem CellsImmunologyArizona Revised Statutes 13-3603 (1864), or ARS 13-3603, was a territorial law enacted in 1864 before Arizona was granted statehood that banned…
Abortion, InducedAbortion, LegalReproductive RightsAbortion--Law and legislation--United StatesArizona--Politics and governmentArizona Senate Bill 1164 (2022), or SB 1164, prohibited abortions after fifteen weeks of pregnancy except when necessary to protect the life or…
Abortion, InducedAbortion, LegalReproductive RightsAbortion--Law and legislation--United StatesArizona--Politics and governmentThe Vaginal Microbiome Consortium, or the VMC, established in 2007, consists of a group of researchers, clinicians, statisticians, and geneticists…
Female Urogenital DiseasesPremature BirthMicrobiotaVaginaWomen’s health servicesIn April 2017, Alan Flake and colleagues published “An Extra-Uterine System to Physiologically Support the Extreme Premature Lamb,” hereafter “An…
Premature BirthbioethicsArtificial OrgansFetus--DevelopmentExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationJames Daniel Hardy was a surgeon and researcher practicing in the United States during the twentieth century who studied organ transplantation, or…
Heart Transplantorgan transplantationGeneral SurgerybioethicsCardiovascular System