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"Evolution and
Tinkering" (1977), by Francois Jacob
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 24, 2014
In his essay Evolution and Tinkering, published in Science in 1977, Francois Jacob argued that a common analogy between the process of evolution by…
LiteratureInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)OperonsGenetic regulationNobel Prizes
"CRISPR /Cas9-mediated Gene Editing in Human Tripronuclear Zygotes" (2015), by Junjiu Huang et al.
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Nov 08, 2017
In 2015, Junjiu Huang and his colleagues reported their attempt to enable CRISPR/cas 9-mediated gene editing in nonviable human zygotes for the first…
LiteratureDoudna, Jennifer A.Charpentier, Emmanuelle, 1968-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas Systems
Conrad Hal Waddington (1905-1975)
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Nov 08, 2007
Conrad Hal Waddington was an embryologist and theoretical biologist. His early experimental work investigated aspects of embryonic induction and the…
EpigenomicsEpigeneticsBiography
The Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man (1918–1935)
By: Aliya R. Hoff
| Published: Jun 03, 2021
Charles Benedict Davenport, Madison Grant, and Henry Fairfield Osborn founded the Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man, or…
OrganizationEugenicsDavenport, Charles Benedict, 1866-1944Laughlin, Harry Hamilton, 1880-1943segregation
Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones (1947), by Carl R. Moore
By: Mary Drago
| Published: May 03, 2014
In 1947, Carl Richard Moore, a researcher at the University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, wrote Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones,…
LiteratureEndocrinologyHormones, SexGonadal Steroid HormonesFreemartinism
Julia Bell (1879-1979)
By: Jesse King
| Published: Dec 27, 2012
Julia Bell worked in twentieth-century Britain, discovered Fragile X Syndrome, and helped find heritable elements of other developmental and genetic…
Genetic Disordersfetal developmentRubella in pregnancyRubella virusHeredity
Tay-Sachs Disease
By: Kristin Kelley
| Published: Oct 29, 2010
In 1881 British opthalmologist Warren Tay made an unusual observation. He reported a cherry-red spot on the retina of a one-year-old patient, a…
Tay-Sachs DiseaseCongenital DisordersHeredity
Lap-Chee Tsui (1950-)
By: Kristina Winikates
| Published: Nov 10, 2011
Lap-Chee Tsui is a geneticist who discovered the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, and his research team sequenced human chromosome 7. As the location of…
PeopleTsui, Lap-CheeCystic FibrosisReproductionBiography
Fetal Programming
By: Carrie Keller
| Published: Nov 03, 2020
Fetal programming, or prenatal programming, is a concept that suggests certain events occurring during critical points of pregnancy may cause…
Diabetes in pregnancyMaternal-Fetal ExchangeMetabolism in pregnancyMaternal-Fetal MedicineMothers--Nutrition
Walter Jakob Gehring (1939-2014)
By: Joe Brinkman
| Published: Dec 22, 2014
Walter Jakob Gehring discovered the homeobox, a DNA segment found in a specific cluster of genes that determine the body plan of animals, plants, and…
Homeobox genesDrosophilaGeneticsGenesGenes, Homeobox