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When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. Though…
ContextChimerismEmbryosEmbryonic Stem CellsMosaicismAll sexually reproducing, multicellular diploid eukaryotes begin life as embryos. Understanding the stages of embryonic development is vital to…
EukaryotaEukaryotesOntogenyCalvin Blackman Bridges studied chromosomes and heredity in the US throughout the early twentieth century. Bridges performed research with Thomas…
DrosophilaHeredityInheritance of acquired charactersColumbia University--Graduate studentsMutationJacques Loeb is best known for his embryological work investigating parthenogenesis in invertebrates. Artificial Parthenogenesis and Fertilization is…
LiteratureParthenogenesisPublicationsFertilizationIn 1959, Charles Edmund Ford and colleagues published “A Sex Chromosome Anomaly in a Case of Gonadal Dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome),” hereafter “A…
Turner SyndromeGonadal DysgenesisGonadal Dysgenesis, XOGonadal Dysgenesis, 45, XAbnormalities, Sex ChromosomeDavid Edwin Wildt developed and applied assisted reproductive technologies to conserve rare and endangered wildlife species in the US during the…
CheetahFertilization in VitroEmbryo transplantationReproductive technologyEndangered SpeciesHermann Joseph Muller conducted three experiments in 1926 and 1927 that demonstrated that exposure to x-rays, a form of high-energy radiation, can…
X-raysRadiationGeneticsMutationDrosophilaThe process of gastrulation allows for the formation of the germ layers in metazoan embryos, and is generally achieved through a series of complex…
Haeckel, Ernst, 1834-1919GastrulationAmphibiansFrogsIn 2015, Junjiu Huang and his colleagues reported their attempt to enable CRISPR/cas 9-mediated gene editing in nonviable human zygotes for the first…
LiteratureDoudna, Jennifer A.Charpentier, Emmanuelle, 1968-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsEdmund Beecher Wilson in the US published An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (hereafter called An Atlas) in 1895. The book…
LiteratureKaryokinesisFertilization (Biology)ConceptionDevelopmental Biology