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Sidney Q. Cohlan studied birth defects in the US during the twentieth century. Cohlan helped to discover that if a pregnant woman ate too much…
Abnormalities, HumanRetinoidsVitamin AHypervitaminosisTetracyclineTransposition of the great arteries or TGA is a potentially fatal congenital heart malformation where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched…
Transposition of Great VesselsMustard, William T., 1914-1987Congenital Heart DiseaseSenning OperationJosef Warkany studied the environmental causes of birth defects in the United States in the twentieth century. Warkany was one of the first…
Abnormalities, HumanVitamin ARetinoidsHypervitaminosiscalomelTheodora Colborn studied how chemicals affect organisms as they develop and reproduce during the twentieth and twenty first centuries in the US. By…
endocrine disruptorsEndocrine disrupting chemicalsPollutantsEndocrine toxicologyEndocrine SystemIn the 1990s, Ian Wilmut, Jim McWhir, and Keith Campbell performed experiments while working at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland. Wilmut,…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsCampbell, Keith, 1954-2012Roslin InstituteSurgeons sometimes operate on the developing fetuses in utero of pregnant women as a medical intervention to treat a number of congential…
ethicsFetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsEndoscopyBisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound that was first synthesized by Aleksandr Dianin, a Russian chemist from St. Petersburg, in 1891. The chemical…
bisphenol AReproductionHormonesHuman DevelopmentIn humans, multi-fetal pregnancy occurs when a mother carries more than one fetus during the pregnancy. The most common multi-fetal pregnancy is…
ReproductionFetusHuman DevelopmentAudrey Heimler and colleagues founded the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) in 1979 in New Hyde Park in New York, New York. Her stated…
OrganizationGenetic counselorsGenetic CounselingFragile X SyndromeOrganizationsIn 2014, the Center for Reproductive Rights, SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, and the National Latina Institute for…
LiteratureRacismRacism in social servicesRacism in public administrationRacism in medicine