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To address the international Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, developed three drug treatment regimens…
HIV-positive personsHIV infectionsHIV-positive youthHIV-positive womenHIV-positive childrenTo address the international Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, developed three drug treatment regimens…
HIV-positive personsHIV infectionsHIV-positive youthHIV-positive womenHIV-positive childrenThis project focuses on the history of how teratogens, or agents which have the potential to cause birth defects, have been understood and tested for…
Teratogenicity testingHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, Twentieth CenturyIn 1927, the US Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell set the legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions because the court…
LawEugenicsConstitutional courtsSterilization (Birth control)Involuntary SterilizationThe paper "Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics," by Beatrice Mintz, describes a…
Mintz, BeatriceExperimentsMiceIn 1976, midwife Ina May Gaskin published Spiritual Midwifery, with other editions published in 1980, 1990, and 2003. Spiritual Midwifery is a book…
LiteratureMidwifery in literatureMidwiferyMidwivesMidwifeMitochondrial diseases in humans result when the small organelles called mitochondria, which exist in all human cells, fail to function normally. The…
Mitochondrial pathologyMitochondriaCell organellesCell nuclei--TransplantationReproductive technologyHuman pluripotent stem cells are valued for their potential to form numerous specialized cells and for their longevity. In the US, where a portion of…
LiteratureKass, LeonStem CellsPublicationsethicsIn 1916 Edwin B. Cragin in the United States published Conservatism in Obstetrics in which he discussed medical practices and techniques to preserve…
LiteratureObstetricsMaternal-Fetal MedicineChildbirthLabor (Obstetrics)In the 1936 case United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York City, New York,…
LawObscenity (Law)Abortion--Law and legislation--United StatesAbortionBirth control clinics