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A vasectomy is a surgery that works to inhibit reproduction by interrupting the passage of sperm through the vas deferens, a tube in the male…
VasectomyVasovasostomyVasectomy ReversalEugenicsSterilization, ReproductiveAnencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early…
fetal developmentFetus--AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsEmbryologyPregnancyIn the mid-1960s, psychologist John Money encouraged the gender reassignment of David Reimer, who was born a biological male but suffered irreparable…
Sex changeGender IdentitypsychologyGenderSexual and Gender DisordersHwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time…
ContextbioethicsHuman cloning--Research--Law and legislationInformed consent (Medical law)Oocyte DonationIn 1907, researchers Bernhardt Kronig and Carl Gauss combined the drugs morphine and scopolamine to induce twilight sleep in women during childbirth…
MorphineScopolamineAnesthesia AdjuvantsAnesthesiaLabor (Obstetrics)Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire studied anatomy and congenital abnormalities in humans and other animals in nineteenth century France. Under the…
TeratologyAnimals--AbnormalitiesAbnormalities, HumanNatural historyAnatomyRobert Geoffrey Edwards worked with Patrick Christopher Steptoe to develop in-vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques during the 1960s and 1970s in the…
PeopleFertilization in VitroReproductionBiographyFertilizationIn the legal case In re Agent Orange Product Liability Litigation of the early 1980s, US military veterans of the Vietnam War sued the US chemical…
LawProducts liability--Agent OrangeAgent OrangeVeteransAgent Orange--ToxicologyThe recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and related technologies has caught the attention of scientists, activists,…
ethicsStem CellsAnnie Dodge Wauneka, a member of the Navajo Tribal Council in Window Rock, Arizona, from 1951 to 1978, advocated for improved lifestyle, disease…
Presidential Medal of Freedompublic healthChild mortalityAlcoholismPneumonia