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"Further Experiments on Artificial Parthenogenesis and the Nature of the Process of Fertilization" (1900), by Jacques Loeb
By: Steve Elliott
| Published: Jun 10, 2009
Jacques Loeb broadened and corrected his earlier claims concerning artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins in a series of experiments in 1900. He…
ParthenogenesisExperimentsSea Urchins
Leonardo da Vinci's Embryological Annotations
By: Hilary Gilson
| Published: Aug 19, 2008
Among his myriad scientific and artistic contributions, Leonardo da Vinci's work in embryology was groundbreaking. He observed and diagramed the…
LiteratureLeonardo, da Vinci, 1452-1519Human DevelopmentPublicationsFetus
Hanging Drop Tissue Culture
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Nov 08, 2007
The hanging drop tissue culture is a technique utilized in embryology and other fields to allow growth that would otherwise be restricted by the flat…
TechnologyTissue cultureTissue Culture Techniques
Agent Orange as a Cause of Spina Bifida
By: Cecilia Chou
| Published: Mar 09, 2017
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spines of developing fetuses and infants, and research in the 20th century indicated that chemicals…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--Abnormalities
Hormone Replacement Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms
By: Megha Pillai
| Published: Jun 27, 2024
Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, is a form of medication often used to treat the symptoms of menopause. According to the National Institute on…
MenopauseEstrogen Replacement TherapyEstrogen Progestin Combination TherapyMenopause--Hormone TherapyMenopause--Hormone Therapy--Complications
Theodor Heinrich Boveri (1862-1915)
By: Inbar Maayan
| Published: Mar 03, 2011
Theodor Boveri investigated the mechanisms of heredity. He developed the chromosomal theory of inheritance and the idea of chromosomal individuality…
PeopleHeredityBiography
Wilhelm Johannsen's Genotype-Phenotype Distinction
By: B. R. Erick Peirson
| Published: Dec 07, 2012
Wilhelm Johannsen in Denmark first proposed the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the study of heredity in 1909. This distinction is…
Johannsen, W. (Wilhelm), 1857-1927Genotype-environment interactionPhenotypeHeredityGenetics
"A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on the Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells” (1964) by James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch
By: Ajeet Bains
| Published: Aug 31, 2020
In 1964, authors James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch, published A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on The Growth of…
Stem CellsPluripotent Stem CellsAdult Stem CellsEmbryonic Stem CellsHematopoietic Stem Cells
Stem Cells
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Oct 29, 2010
According to the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the standard American source on stem cell research, three characteristics of stem cells…
Stem Cells
US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Feb 02, 2017
In 1996, the US Congress mandated that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) create and regulate the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program.…
Endocrine disrupting chemicalsEndocrine toxicologyDevelopmental endocrinologyEndocrine SystemHormones