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In the late nineteenth century, August Karl Gustav Bier was a surgeon in Germany who studied spinal cord anesthesia, later called spinal block. Bier…
Spinal anesthesiaHyperemiaSpine--PunctureLumbar PunctureAnesthesia, RegionalIn 2014, Big Belli, a media and social networking brand, released a documentary called 40 Weeks online. The documentary, directed by Christopher…
LiteraturePregnancyConceptionLabor (Obstetrics)Prenatal influencesIn the twentieth century, researchers developed the oral glucose tolerance test, or OGTT, as a method to diagnose different types of diabetes, a…
TechnologyDiagnosisDiabetes--DiagnosisGlucose tolerance testsBlood GlucoseIn 2018, researchers Elie Nkwabong, Romuald Meboulou Nguel, Nelly Kamgaing, and Anne Sylvie Keddi Jippe published, “Knowledge, Attitudes, and…
LiteratureHIV-positive womenHIV-positive childrenHIV (Viruses)HIV infectionsIn the 1950s and 1960s, researchers Leon Chesley, John Annitto, and Robert Cosgrove investigated the possible familial factor for the conditions of…
Chesley, Leon C., 1908-2000PreeclampsiaEclampsiaMargaret Hague Maternity Hospital (Jersey City, N.J.)PregnancyIn 1992, five maternal-infant health researchers founded Doulas of North America, later renamed DONA International to train certified birth…
OrganizationChildbirthObstetricsDelivery (Obstetrics)Natural childbirthAdvanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCloningGaurAdvanced Cell Technology (Firm)EmbryosIn 2007, physicians John Jelovsek, Christopher Maher, and Matthew Barber published, “Pelvic Organ Prolapse,” in The Lancet. In their article,…
LiteraturePelvic PainPelvic FloorPelvisPelvic ExaminationWhen James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin announced in 1998 that he had derived and cultured human embryonic stem cells(hESCs), Americans…
Stem CellsethicsIn 1999, Joseph Bruner, Susan B. Drummond, Anna L. Meenan, and Ina May Gaskin published, “All-fours Maneuver for Reducing Shoulder Dystocia During…
LiteratureShoulder DystociaMidwiferyBirth InjuriesBirth injuries--Complications