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In 1998, researchers Laura Mazzanti and Emanuele Cacciari published “Congenital Heart Disease in Patients with Turner’s Syndrome,” hereafter “…
Turner SyndromeTurner’s syndromeHeart Defects Congenital Heart DefectsGenetic DiseasesIn 1916, eugenicist Madison Grant published the book The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History, hereafter The Passing of…
LiteratureEugenicsNuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949Involuntary sterilization--Law and legislationInterracial marriage--United StatesIn 1980 Janet Rossant and William I. Frels published their paper, "Interspecific Chimeras in Mammals: Successful Production of Live Chimeras Between…
ChimeraExperimentsMiceKarl Oskar Illmensee studied the cloning and reproduction of fruit flies, mice, and humans in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsTwinsEmbryosKurt Benirschke studied cells, placentas, and endangered species in Germany and the US during the twentieth century. Benirschke was professor at the…
Developmental BiologyGeneticsEndangered SpeciesGene librariesEmbryologyIn April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid” or “A…
LiteratureDNAComplementary DNADNA ReplicationDeoxyribonucleic AcidResearch in chemical induction seeks to identify the compound or compounds responsible for differentiation in a developing embryo. Soren Lovtrup…
Cell differentiationEmbryosDevelopmental BiologyNotochordWaddington, C. H. (Conrad Hal), 1905-1975Early development occurs in a highly organized and orchestrated manner and has long attracted the interest of developmental biologists and…
Cell LineageBicoid is the protein product of a maternal-effect gene unique to flies of the genus Drosophila . In 1988 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard identified…
Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (Christiane)EmbryosMorphogenesisTuring, Alan, 1912-1954Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 1866-1945Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen studied plants and helped found the field of genetics, contributing methods and concepts to the study of heredity around the…
GeneticsHeredityPhenotypeGenotype-environment interactionEvolution