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The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that directs the development of embryonic cells in animals, from invertebrates to vertebrates. The…
EmbryologyEmbryosWieschaus, Eric F.Cellular signal transductionDrosophila melanogasterIn 1980, Ernesto Ippolito and Ignacio Ponseti published their results on a histological study they performed on congenital club foot in human fetuses…
ClubfootPonseti, I. V. (Ignacio V.), 1914-2009Abnormalities, HumanHistologyHistology, PathologicalIn 2001, Kevin M. Godfrey and David J.P. Barker published the article “Fetal Programming and Adult Health” in Public Health Nutrition, where they…
LiteraturePregnancy--ComplicationsFetal heart--AbnormalitiesMaternal-Fetal ExchangeMetabolism in pregnancyIn July 2015, Marni Sommer and colleagues published “Comfortably, Safely, and Without Shame: Defining Menstrual Hygiene Management as a Public Health…
LiteratureMenstruationMenstruation--Social aspectsFeminine Hygiene ProductsSanitary napkinsAmong other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in…
MyogenesisNotch genesNotch ProteinsMusclesMyoblastsIn 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperimentsIn the 1990 case Hodgson v. Minnesota, the US Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., upheld Minnesota statute 144.343, which required physicians to…
LawAbortionBirth control clinicsReproductive RightsAbortion--Law and legislation--United StatesIn 2002, after applying for government assistance in the state of Washington, Lydia Fairchild was told that her two children were not a genetic match…
ChimerismHuman GeneticsForensic geneticsLone twinsPaternity testingIn a clinical trial from 1969 to 1972, Sir Graham Collingwood Liggins and Ross Howie showed that if doctors treat pregnant women with corticosteroids…
Liggins, G. C.Adrenocortical hormonesPregnancyRespiratory Distress SyndromePremature InfantsTwilight Sleep (Dammerschlaf) was a form of childbirth first used in the early twentieth century in Germany in which drugs caused women in labor to…
ObstetricsDelivery (Obstetrics)Labor (Obstetrics)ChildbirthScopolamine