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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Experiments by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and 2007
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Jun 01, 2015
In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become…
Stem cells--ResearchStem CellsNobel PrizesEmbryologyDevelopmental Biology
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Mammals (1938-2013)
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic…
CloningCell nuclei--TransplantationSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941Genetic Engineering
"Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" (1996), by Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Sep 19, 2014
In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperiments
Interspecies SCNT-derived Humanesque Blastocysts
By: Sarah Taddeo, Jason S. Robert, Nicole Diehnelt
| Published: Jun 23, 2017
Since the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer…
BlastocystDiseasesbioethicsTadpoleCell nuclei--Transplantation
John Bertrand Gurdon (1933- )
By: Inbar Maayan, Sean Cohmer
| Published: Oct 11, 2012
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCellsCloningStem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells
The First Successful Cloning of a Gaur (2000), by Advanced Cell Technology
By: Caroline Appleton
| Published: Jul 26, 2013
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCloningGaurAdvanced Cell Technology (Firm)Embryos
The US President's Council on Bioethics (2001-2009)
By: Ceara O'Brien
| Published: Feb 18, 2014
The US President's Council on Bioethics was an organization headquartered in Washington D.C. that was chartered to advise then US President George W…
OrganizationbioethicsAdvisory boardsStem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells
Nuclear Transplantation
By: Sean Cohmer
| Published: Jun 14, 2011
Nuclear transplantation is a method in which the nucleus of a donor cell is relocated to a target cell that has had its nucleus removed (enucleated…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationNuclear Transplantation
Karl Oskar Illmensee (1939–)
By: Cheryl Lancaster
| Published: Feb 26, 2017
Karl Oskar Illmensee studied the cloning and reproduction of fruit flies, mice, and humans in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsTwinsEmbryos
Mitochondrial Diseases in Humans
By: Dorothy R. Haskett
| Published: Jul 11, 2014
Mitochondrial diseases in humans result when the small organelles called mitochondria, which exist in all human cells, fail to function normally. The…
Mitochondrial pathologyMitochondriaCell organellesCell nuclei--TransplantationReproductive technology