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As of 2022, Trisomy 21 is the most common type of trisomy, or a condition where the person has three instead of the normal two copies of one of the…
Genetic DisordersGenetic disorders in childrenGenetic disorders in pregnancyGenetic disorders--DiagnosisDown syndromeIn the late 1980s, Peter Goodfellow in London, UK led a team of researchers who showed that the SRY gene in humans codes a protein that causes testes…
TestisY ChromosomeEmbryosChromosomesSex ChromosomesThe Hayflick Limit is a concept that helps to explain the mechanisms behind cellular aging. The concept states that a normal human cell can only…
CellsCell populationsCell DeathApoptosisCell ProliferationCarol Widney Greider studied telomeres and telomerase in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century. She worked primarily at the University of…
Greider, Carol W.Women Nobel Prize winnersNobel Prize winnersTelomeraseTelomereIn humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912Angelman syndrome is a disorder in humans that causes neurological symptoms such as lack of speech, jerky movements, and insomnia. A human cell has…
Angelman syndromeGenomic imprintingHuman chromosome 15--AbnormalitiesHuman chromosome 15Happy Puppet SyndromeKurt Benirschke studied cells, placentas, and endangered species in Germany and the US during the twentieth century. Benirschke was professor at the…
Developmental BiologyGeneticsEndangered SpeciesGene librariesEmbryologyAmong other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in…
MyogenesisNotch genesNotch ProteinsMusclesMyoblastsBarbara McClintock conducted experiments on corn (Zea mays) in the United States in the mid-twentieth century to study the structure and function of…
TransposonsCornCytogeneticsChromosomesGeneticsTheophilus Shickel Painter studied the structure and function of chromosomes in the US during in the early to mid-twentieth century. Painter worked…
ChromosomesKaryotypesSex ChromosomesGeneticsLinkage (Genetics)