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Teratogens are substances that may produce physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant woman is exposed to the…
Abnormalities, HumanFetusPregnancyTeratogenicity testingEmbryosIn eighteenth century Germany, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach studied how individuals within a species vary, and to explain such variations, he proposed…
AnthropologyAnatomy, ComparativeVariation (Biology)EmbryosDevelopmental BiologyStudies in Spermatogenesis is a two volume book written by Nettie Maria Stevens, and published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1905 and…
LiteratureSpermatogenesisGenetic sex determinationSex DifferentiationEmbryosIn the late 1980s, Peter Goodfellow in London, UK led a team of researchers who showed that the SRY gene in humans codes a protein that causes testes…
TestisY ChromosomeEmbryosChromosomesSex ChromosomesCongenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in children whose mothers contracted the rubella virus, sometimes called German measles, during pregnancy…
RubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virusPregnancyEmbryosDevelopmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans, was published in 1993 in Environmental Health Perspectives. In the…
LiteratureEndocrine disrupting chemicalsEmbryologyfetal developmentendocrine disruptorsIn his 1991 article Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism, Delbert A. Fisher in the US reported on the implementation and impact of mass neonatal…
LiteratureCongenital HypothyroidismNewborn infants--DevelopmentCretinismInfant Health ServicesIn Australia in the 1940s, Norman McAlister Gregg observed a connection between pregnant women who contracted the rubella virus, or German measles,…
LiteratureCataract in childrenRubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virusThe Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes,…
Y ChromosomeTestisEmbryosChromosomesSex ChromosomesThe Cell-Theory was written by Thomas Henry Huxley in Britain and published in 1853 by The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review. The twenty-…
LiteratureEpigeneticsEmbryologyHuxley, Thomas Henry, 1825-1895Cellular control mechanisms