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Shoukhrat Mitalipov and Masahito Tachibana’s Mitochondrial Gene Replacement in Primate Offspring and Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)
By: Giselle Lee
| Published: Jan 10, 2018
Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers replaced the mitochondrial genes of primate embryonic stem cells via spindle…
monkeysrhesus macaqueSendai virusEmbryonic Stem CellsMitochondrial Diseases
The Debate over DNA Replication Before the Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1953–1957)
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Jan 03, 2018
Between 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In…
ChromosomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA Replication
"Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts" (1997), by Angelika E. Schnieke, et al.
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Aug 19, 2014
In the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL…
CloningChristmas FactorBlood coagulation factor IXRoslin InstituteWilmut, Ian
George Wells Beadle (1903-1989)
By: Divyash Chhetri
| Published: Mar 14, 2014
George Wells Beadle studied corn, fruit flies, and funguses in the US during the twentieth century. These studies helped Beadle earn the 1958 Nobel…
Beadle, George Wells, 1903-1989Genetics
"Presence of Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma and Serum" (1997), by Dennis Lo, et al.
By: Cassidy Possehl
| Published: Mar 07, 2017
In the late 1990s researchers Yuk Ming Dennis Lo and his colleagues isolated fetal DNA extracted from pregnant woman’s blood. The technique enabled…
AmniocentesisChorionic Villus SamplingFetusObstetricsDNA
Alfred Day Hershey (1908–1997)
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Apr 29, 2019
During the twentieth century in the United States, Alfred Day Hershey studied phages, or viruses that infect bacteria, and experimentally verified…
Hershey, A. D. (Alfred Day), 1908-Bacteriophage lambdaPhage lambdaBacteriophages--GeneticsBacteriophages
Sex Determination in Humans
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Jul 16, 2021
In humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912
“The Intergenerational Effects of Fetal Programming: Non-genomic Mechanisms for the Inheritance of Low Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Risk” (2004), by Amanda J. Drake and Brian R. Walker
By: Carrie Keller
| Published: Nov 26, 2020
In 2004, Amanda J. Drake and Brian R. Walker published “The Intergenerational Effects of Fetal Programming: Non-genomic Mechanisms for the…
LiteratureReproductive HealthGestationFetal MonitoringFetal Distress
Noninvasive Fetal Aneuploidy Detection for Trisomy 21, 13, and 18
By: Cassidy Possehl
| Published: Apr 06, 2017
Noninvasive fetal aneuploidy detection technology allows for the detection of fetal genetic conditions, specifically having three chromosomes, a…
TechnologyDown syndromeAneuploidyLo, Y. M. DennisCleft Palate
“A Proposed Structure for the Nucleic Acids” (1953) by Linus Pauling and Robert Brainard Corey
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Aug 26, 2019
In February 1953, Linus Pauling and Robert Brainard Corey, two scientists working at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California,…
LiteratureDNAGeneticsX-ray crystallography--TechniqueCrystallography, X-Ray