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Ectopic Pregnancy
By: Tian Zhu
| Published: May 06, 2010
Many difficulties can arise with a pregnancy even after the sperm successfully fertilizes the oocyte. A major problem occurs if the fertilized egg…
Ectopic PregnancyPregnancy, EctopicReproductionHuman Developmentmedicine
Retinoids As Teratogens
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Feb 28, 2014
Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial…
RetinoidsVitamin A in the bodyTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanTeratogenic agents
"The Effects of Wing Bud Extirpation on the Development of the Central Nervous System in Chick Embryos" (1934), by Viktor Hamburger
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Nov 22, 2010
German embryologist Viktor Hamburger came to the US in 1932 with a fellowship provided by the Rockefeller Foundation. Hamburger started his research…
LiteraturePublicationsExperimentsNervous SystemChicks
John D. Gearhart
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Jan 19, 2011
John D. Gearhart is a renowned American developmental geneticist best known for leading the Johns Hopkins University research team that first…
PeopleStem CellsGeneticsBiography
Cord Blood Banking
By: Angel Lopez
| Published: Nov 17, 2010
Cord blood banks are institutions designed to store umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells. UCB, a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), has…
TechnologyFetal BloodCord Blood Stem Cell TransplantationReproductionStem Cells
"Health Status of Vietnam Veterans III. Reproductive Outcomes and Child Health" (1988), by the US Centers for Disease Control
By: Cecilia Chou
| Published: Apr 13, 2017
In 1988, the US Centers for Disease Control published 'Health Status of Vietnam Veterans III. Reproductive Outcomes and Child Health,' which…
LiteratureAgent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaVeterans Administration
Virginia Apgar (1909–1974)
By: Carolina J. Abboud
| Published: Feb 16, 2017
Virginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist, administering drugs that reduce women’s pain during childbirth, in the US in the mid-…
Apgar, Virginia, 1909-1974Apgar ScorePregnancyObstetricsChildbirth
VACTERL Association
By: Corinne DeRuiter
| Published: Oct 29, 2010
VACTERL association is a term applied to a specific group of abnormalities involving structures derived from the mesoderm. Although the defects of…
VATER syndromeVACTERL associationCongenital Disorders
Isotretinoin (Accutane) as a Teratogen
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Jul 20, 2014
Isotretinoin is a molecule and a byproduct (metabolite) of vitamin A, and in greater than normal amounts in pregnant women, it can cause fetal…
Teratogenic agentsVitamin AIsotretinoinAbnormalities, HumanTeratogens
Cocaine as a Teratogen
By: Mark Zhang, Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Oct 17, 2013
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue…
CocaineCocaine abusePregnancyEmbryosFetus