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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a human disorder in which an individual's genetic sex (genotype) differs from that individual's observable…
AndrogensAndrogens--PathophysiologyIntersexualityIntersex peopleAndrogen-Insensitivity SyndromeIn 2009, A. John Henderson and colleagues published “Mothers’ Anxiety During Pregnancy Is Associated with Asthma in Their Children,” hereafter, “…
LiteratureAnxietyAsthmaBronchial AsthmaAsthma in childrenThe hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in…
Drosophila melanogasterCyclopiaGenetic regulationZebra danioGenesDuring 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments,…
Harvard Medical SchoolNobel Prize winnersKittensCatsVision disordersNeonatal respiratory distress syndrome, previously called hyaline membrane disease, is a respiratory disease affecting premature newborns. Neonatal…
Surface active agentsLungs--Blood-vessels--DiseasesRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultNeonatal emergenciesRespiratory therapy for newborn infantsMaternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) can result in a range of alcohol-induced developmental defects. In humans, those collective birth defects…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman DevelopmentThe Spemann-Mangold organizer, also known as the Spemann organizer, is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces…
EmbryosAmphibiansSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941EmbryologyGastrulationMethylmercury (MeHg) is an organic form of mercury that can damage the developing brains of human fetuses. Women who consume methylmercury during…
MethylmercuryMercury in the bodyFishes--Mercury contentToxicologyMercuryJames Graves Wilson's six principles of teratology, published in 1959, guide research on teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms…
TeratologyAbnormalities, HumanCongenital AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsCongenital DefectsEdmund Beecher Wilson in the US published An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (hereafter called An Atlas) in 1895. The book…
LiteratureKaryokinesisFertilization (Biology)ConceptionDevelopmental Biology