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In the early 2000s, Richard S. Legro, Mark V. Sauer, Gilbert L. Mottla, Kevin S. Richter, William C. Dodson, and Duanping Liao studied the…
In vitro fertilizationFertilization in VitroIndoor air pollutionPollutionUrban pollutionWilliam John Little was one of the first orthopedic surgeons to research congenital malformations and their causes in the nineteenth century and…
Birth injuries--ComplicationsCerebral PalsyCerebral palsiedMuscle SpasticitySpasticityIn 1861, William John Little published, “On The Influence of Abnormal Parturition, Difficult Labors, Premature Birth, and Asphyxia Neonatorum, on the…
LiteratureBirth injuries--ComplicationsCerebral PalsyCerebral palsiedMuscle SpasticityPublished in 2002, prostate cancer researcher John R. Masters authored a review article HeLa Cells 50 Years On: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly that…
LiteratureCell linesContinuous cell linesGerm CellsSurface contaminationIn 2017, Laura Geer and colleagues published the results of a study investigating the effects of parabens and antimicrobial compounds on birth…
LiteratureAntiseptics in obstetricsEndocrine disrupting chemicalsLocal Anti-Infective AgentsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentJoseph Bolivar DeLee was an obstetrician in the US between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who advocated for the specialized teaching of…
Medicine--History--BibliographyMedicine--United States--HistoryMedicine--History--20th centuryChildbirthObstetrical ForcepsIn 1920, Joseph Bolivar DeLee published the article, “The Prophylactic Forceps Operation,” in which he describes how physicians can manually remove a…
LiteratureMedicine--United States--HistoryMedicine--History--20th centuryChildbirthChildbirth at homeIn 1994, the Eastern Virginia District court case Bailey v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Virginia established that insurance companies could not deny…
LawHealth InsuranceHealth insurance policiesHealth insurance claimsEmployer-sponsored health insuranceIn 1994, the Eastern Virginia District court case Bailey v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Virginia established that insurance companies could not deny…
LawHealth InsuranceHealth insurance policiesHealth insurance claimsEmployer-sponsored health insuranceIn 1983, researchers Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Carl Wood, Mandy Besanko, and Angelo Conti published the article “Pregnancy Established in an…
LiteratureFertilization in VitroIn vitro fertilizationEgg donorsTest-Tube Babies