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To Lynn M. Morgan, the Mary E. Woolley Professor of Anthropology at Mt. Holyoke College, nothing says life more than a dead embryo. In her easily…
EssayHuman embryoFetusPublicationsOn 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-…
ReproductionExperimentsFertilityAn important question throughout the history of embryology is whether the formation of a biological structure is predetermined or shaped by its…
Hamburger, Viktor, 1900-2001ExperimentsNervous SystemCell DeathThe review article “Cell Deaths in Normal Vertebrate Ontogeny” (abbreviated as “Cell Deaths”) was published in Biological Reviews of the Cambridge…
LiteratureCell DeathPublicationsVertebratesOntogenyIn the early 1960s, John W. Saunders Jr., Mary T. Gasseling, and Lilyan C. Saunders in the US investigated how cells die in the developing limbs of…
Cell DeathChickens--EmbryosApoptosisExperiments'On the Permanent Life of Tissues outside of the Organism' reports Alexis Carrel's 1912 experiments on the maintenance of tissue in culture media. At…
Tissue cultureStem CellsStem cells--ResearchEmbryologyGerm CellsAlexis Carrel, the prominent French surgeon, biologist, and 1912 Nobel Prize laureate for Physiology or Medicine, was one of the pioneers in…
TechnologyCarrel, Alexis, 1873-1944Tissue Culture TechniquesTissue cultureOnce perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in…
Cell DeathCells--AgingCaenorhabditis elegansAging, CellCellular Aging