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“Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus Musculus L.)” (1961), by Mary Lyon
By: Devangana Shah
| Published: Jun 04, 2025
In 1961, Mary Lyon, a researcher who studied genetics, published “Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus Musculus L.),” hereafter “Gene…
Sex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, XX chromosomeGenes, X-linkedX Chromosome Inactivation
Mary Frances Lyon (1925–2014)
By: Devangana Shah
| Published: Jul 04, 2025
Mary Frances Lyon studied gene expression and developed the theory of X-chromosome inactivation, also called Lyonization, during the twentieth…
Gene ExpressionX Chromosome InactivationLyon HypothesisLyonizationMutation
CRISPR Acquired Resistance Against Viruses (2007)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Nov 15, 2017
In 2007, Philippe Horvath and his colleagues explained how bacteria protect themselves against viruses at Danisco, a Danish food company, in Dangé-…
gene editingStreptococcus thermophilusvirusesBacteriaRNA
"Developmental Capacity of Nuclei Transplanted from Keratinized Skin Cells of Adult Frogs" (1975), by John Gurdon, Ronald Laskey, and O. Raymond Reeves
By: Sean Cohmer
| Published: Jun 14, 2011
In 1975 John Gurdon, Ronald Laskey, and O. Raymond Reeves published "Developmental Capacity of Nuclei Transplanted from Keratinized Skin Cells of…
Nuclear Transfer TechniquesExperimentsPublicationsFrogsNuclear Transplantation
DTaP Vaccination Series
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Jun 21, 2024
The DTaP vaccination series is an FDA-approved, five-shot vaccine for young children in the United States for protection against diphtheria, tetanus…
Diphtheria ToxoidDiphtheria ToxinCorynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheria-Tetanus VaccineDiphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
"Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cultured Human Primordial Germ Cells" (1998), by John Gearhart et al.
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Sep 14, 2010
In November 1998, two independent reports were published concerning the first isolation of pluripotent human stem cells, one of which was "Derivation…
LiteratureStem CellsPublications
Sex Determination in Humans
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Jul 16, 2021
In humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912
Pearl Luella Kendrick (1890–1980)
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Dec 23, 2022
Pearl Luella Kendrick researched prevention for pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, during the mid-1900s.…
Tuberculosis VaccinesPertussis vaccinesAmerican Public Health AssociationPublicationsViral vaccines
"Purification of a Nerve-Growth Promoting Protein from the Mouse Salivary Gland and its Neuro-Cytoxic Antiserum" (1960), by Stanley Cohen
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Oct 30, 2007
Stanley Cohen published "Purification of a Nerve-Growth Promoting Protein from the Mouse Salivary Gland and its Neuro-Cytoxic Antiserum" in the…
Cohen, Stanley, 1937-Nerve Growth FactorExperimentsMice
Chemical Induction
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Oct 30, 2007
Research in chemical induction seeks to identify the compound or compounds responsible for differentiation in a developing embryo. Soren Lovtrup…
Cell differentiationEmbryosDevelopmental BiologyNotochordWaddington, C. H. (Conrad Hal), 1905-1975