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The Comstock Law was a controversial law because it limited the reproductive rights of women and violated every person's right to privacy. This…
LawReproductionReproductive RightsAbortionContraceptionDevelopmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans, was published in 1993 in Environmental Health Perspectives. In the…
LiteratureEndocrine disrupting chemicalsEmbryologyfetal developmentendocrine disruptorsIn 2014, the United States Food and Drug Administration published the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule to amend previous guidelines for the…
LawDrugs--LabelingDrugs--Labeling--Law and legislationTeratogenic agentsFetus--Effect of drugs onIn 1972, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania decided the case of Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens…
LawPeople with mental disabilitiesIntellectual DisabilitySpecial EducationSpecial education schoolsOn March 28, 1978, in Stump v. Sparkman, hereafter Stump, the United States Supreme Court held, in a five-to-three decision, that judges have…
LawSterilizationSterilization of womenInvoluntary SterilizationJudicial immunityThe California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act, also called Proposition 71, was a ballot initiative proposed by California voters in 2004 to…
LawStem cells--Research--Religious aspects--ChristianityStem cells--Research--Moral and ethical aspectsEmbryonic stem cells--Research--Law and legislationEmbryo ResearchJacques Loeb broadened and corrected his earlier claims concerning artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins in a series of experiments in 1900. He…
ParthenogenesisExperimentsSea UrchinsIn 1974, the United States Supreme Court decided in a six-to-three decision in Geduldig v. Aiello (1974), hereafter Geduldig, that pregnancy-related…
Lawpregnancy complicationsEctopic PregnancySex discriminationSex discrimination in insuranceIn November 1921, US Congress passed the National Maternity and Infancy Protection Act, also called the Sheppard-Towner Act. The Act provided federal…
LawPrenatal care--Law and legislationMaternal and infant welfare--United StatesPregnancyBirthIn 1927, the US Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell set the legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions because the court…
LawEugenicsConstitutional courtsSterilization (Birth control)Involuntary Sterilization