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"Effraenatam" (1588), by Pope Sixtus V
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Nov 11, 2007
"Effraenatam," the brain-child of Pope Sixtus V, was released as a papal bull in the year 1588. Papal bulls are formal declarations issued by the…
LiteratureSixtus V, Pope, 1520-1590religionReproductionCatholicism
“Effect of Vaginal Sildenafil on the Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) After Multiple IVF Failures Attributed to Poor Endometrial Development” (2002), by Geoffrey Sher and Jeffrey Fisch
By: Alison Lane
| Published: Dec 22, 2020
Researchers Geoffrey Sher and Jeffrey Fisch gave Viagra, also known as sildenafil, to women undergoing fertility treatment to test whether the…
Fertility clinicsFertility, HumanHuman embryo--TransplantationEmbryo TransferSildenafil Citrate
Eric Wieschaus (1947- )
By: May Catherine, Justin M. Wolter
| Published: Apr 29, 2014
Eric Wieschaus studied how genes cause fruit fly larvae to develop in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Using the…
Drosophila melanogasterGeneticsGenetic Screening
“First Birth from a Deceased Donor Uterus in the United States: From Severe Graft Rejection to Successful Cesarean Delivery” (2020), by Rebecca Flyckt, Tommaso Falcone, and Cristiano Quintini et al.
By: Aubrey Pinteric
| Published: Jun 05, 2025
In 2020, Rebecca Flyckt and colleagues published “First Birth from a Deceased Donor Uterus in the United States: From Severe Graft Rejection to…
Infertility, Femaleorgan transplantationClinical trialIn vitro fertilizationPregnancy
Action of MER-25 and of Clomiphene on the Human Ovary (1963)
By: Alexis J. Abboud, Alexis Darby
| Published: Nov 28, 2017
Between 1958 and 1962, physicians Olive W. Smith, George V. Smith, and Robert W. Kistner performed experiments that demonstrated the effects of the…
EthamoxytriphetolEstrogen AntagonistsClomiphenePituitary glandovary
Free Hospital for Women Scrapbook by Harvard University Library
By: Kimberly A. Buettner
| Published: Nov 13, 2007
This scrapbook is part of the Harvard University Library's collection on "Working Women, 1800-1930," which is itself part of the Open Collections…
LiteratureOrganizationsethicsReproductionmedicine
Pope Pius XI (1857-1939)
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Nov 11, 2007
Pope Pius XI, born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was born to the wealthy owner of a silk factory on 31 May 1857 in Desio, Italy. He was ordained to…
PeoplereligionReproductionCatholicismPopes
X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (X-SCID)
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Jun 25, 2024
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, or X-SCID, is a chromosomal disorder in which the immune system lacks multiple protective cells that…
X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency DiseasesX-Linked SCIDSevere Combined ImmunodeficiencyBone Marrow--TransplantationAutoimmune Diseases
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Gene
By: Kristina Winikates
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene was identified in 1989 by geneticist Lap-Chee Tsui and his research team as the…
Cystic FibrosisReproductionCongenital DisordersHuman Development
Turpin v. Sortini (1982)
By: Mark Zhang
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
The Supreme Court of California reversed the Superior Court of Fresno County's decision to dismiss the Turpins' claims in the case Turpin v. Sortini…
LawWrongful lifeReproductionCongenital Disordersbioethics