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Endoderm is one of the germ layers-- aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop.…
GastrulationEmbryosEmbryologyCellsTissuesIna May Gaskin is a certified professional midwife, or CPM, in the US during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. She worked at the…
PeopleChildbirthChildbirth teachersChildbirth at homeChildbirth in literatureIn 1956, Gunther Stent, a scientist at the University of California Berkeley in Berkeley, California, coined the terms conservative, semi-…
DNADNA ReplicationDNA HelicasesGenesHeredityIn April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid” or “A…
LiteratureDNAComplementary DNADNA ReplicationDeoxyribonucleic AcidMarshall Henry Klaus was a scientist and pediatrician who studied maternal-infant bonding in the twentieth century in the United States. Maternal-…
Mother and infantMother-Infant InteractionDoulasLaborObstetricsIn 2003, HBO Original Programming released the documentary Chernobyl Heart. Maryann De Leo directed and produced the film, which is about the…
LiteratureChernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986CesiumRadiation--Health aspectsIonizing radiation--Health aspectsTwentieth-century researcher Ernest John Christopher Polge studied the reproductive processes of livestock and determined a method to successfully…
Smith, Audrey U.Parkes, A. S. (Alan Sterling), 1900-1990National Institute for Medical Research (Great Britain)Medical Research Council (Great Britain)GlycerinMatthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl, and Jerome Vinograd, developed cesium chloride, or CsCl, density gradient centrifugation in the 1950s at the…
TechnologyDNA ReplicationDNA replication--RegulationCentrifugation, Density GradientOrganonitrogen compoundsIn 2015, the Public Broadcasting Service, or PBS, released a three-part documentary series, Twice Born–Stories from the Special Delivery Unit,…
LiteratureFetus--SurgerySpina BifidaTeratomaObstetrics--SurgeryEugen Steinach researched sex hormones and their effects on mammals in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Europe. He experimented…
Hormones, SexGenerative organsGenital OrgansGonadal Steroid HormonesTesticular Hormones