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The article Experimental Studies on Congenital Malformations was published in the Journal of Chronic Diseases in 1959. The author, James G. Wilson,…
LiteratureAbnormalities, HumanBirth DefectsTeratologymalformationsIn his 1991 article Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism, Delbert A. Fisher in the US reported on the implementation and impact of mass neonatal…
LiteratureCongenital HypothyroidismNewborn infants--DevelopmentCretinismInfant Health ServicesAnencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early…
fetal developmentFetus--AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsEmbryologyPregnancy"Induction and Patterning of the Primitive Streak, an Organizing Center of Gastrulation in the Amniote," (hereafter referred to as "Induction")…
LiteraturePublicationsGastrulationChicksdifferentiationGeorge McDonald Church studied DNA from living and from extinct species in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Church helped to…
DNA SequenceNucleotide sequenceGenesGenomesGeneticsIn 2013, Cynthia Daniels and a team of researchers at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, founded the Informed Consent Project. Daniels…
OrganizationAbortionAbortion, InducedInduced AbortionInformed ConsentTorsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments…
VisionVisual pathwaysNobel Prize winnersNeural networks (Neurobiology)Neural ReceptorsAll cells that have a nucleus, including plant, animal, fungal cells, and most single-celled protists, also have mitochondria. Mitochondria are…
CellsCell organellesMitochondriaPlant mitochondriaEndosymbiosisIn "The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement," Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. The…
ExperimentsNerve Growth FactorTissue cultureIn 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model…
LiteratureGenetic regulationCell differentiationEvolutionGenes