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Robert Geoffrey Edwards and Patrick Christopher Steptoe's Clinical Research in Human in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1969-1980
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: May 12, 2011
The biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that…
ReproductionExperimentsFertilization
A History of Embryology (1959), by Joseph Needham
By: Karen Wellner
| Published: Jun 28, 2010
In 1931 embryologist and historian Joseph Needham published a well-received three-volume treatise titled Chemical Embryology. The first four chapters…
LiteratureNeedham, Joseph, 1900-1995Publicationshistory
Preformationism in the Enlightenment
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 11, 2008
Preformationism was a theory of embryological development used in the late seventeenth through the late eighteenth centuries. This theory held that…
OvaSperm
John Charles Rock (1890-1984)
By: Kimberly A. Buettner
| Published: Nov 08, 2007
Born on 24 March 1890 in Marlborough, Massachusetts, to Ann and Frank Rock, John Charles Rock was both a devout Catholic and one of the leading…
PeopleContraceptionReproductionReproductive RightsCatholicism
“Long-Term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium” (2019), by Clayton A. Smith, Courtney McCracken, Amanda S. Thomas, Logan G. Spector, James D. St Louis, Matthew E. Oster, James Moller, and Lazaros Kochilas
By: Srivatsan Swaminathan
| Published: Aug 04, 2025
In 2019, US-based pediatric heart doctor Clayton Smith and colleagues published “Long-Term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Study From the…
Tetralogy of FallotHeart SurgeryCongenital Heart DefectsBlue babyHeart--Abnormalities
“Stress Incontinence and Genital Relaxation; A Nonsurgical Method of Increasing the Tone of Sphincters and their Supporting Structures” (1952), by Arnold Henry Kegel
By: Madelyn Johnson
| Published: Jun 03, 2025
In 1952, Arnold Henry Kegel published “Stress Incontinence and Genital Relaxation; A Nonsurgical Method of Increasing the Tone of Sphincters and…
Pelvic FloorPelvic Organ ProlapsePelvic Floor DisordersSexual Dysfunction, PhysiologicalExercise Therapy
Phalloplasty
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: May 11, 2022
Phalloplasty is a type of surgery that takes existing skin, tissue, and nerves from surrounding areas on a patient’s body to repair or form a…
TechnologyPhalloplastyGender Reassignment SurgeryGender transitionSurgery, Plastic
“Elective Induction of Labor” (1955), by Edward Bishop
By: Carolina J. Abboud
| Published: Feb 16, 2017
In 1955, obstetrician Edward Bishop, a physician specializing in childbirth, published the article “Elective Induction of Labor,” in which he…
LiteratureReproductionChildbirthLabor, Induced (Obstetrics)Obstetrics
Zhang Lizhu (1921- )
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Aug 16, 2011
Zhang Lizhu is a Chinese gynecologist and researcher. For most of her career, she worked in the Peking Medical College Third Hospital, renamed in…
PeopleReproductionBiographyFertilization
Hans Spemann (1869-1941)
By: Karen Wellner
| Published: Jun 15, 2010
Hans Spemann was an experimental embryologist best known for his transplantation studies and as the originator of the "organizer" concept. One of his…
PeopleSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941TransplantationBiography